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聽(tīng)力理解之對話(huà)應考技巧
一、利用考試間隙,預讀考題
聽(tīng)力理解考試的問(wèn)題全部印在考卷上,考生可以利用磁帶播放指令的時(shí)間或利用兩道題之間的停頓空隙,快速瀏覽問(wèn)題和選項,獲取聽(tīng)音內容的背景知識,排除極有可能錯誤的答案,預選可能正確的答案,正式聽(tīng)的時(shí)候,可以對照我們的預測,變被動(dòng)聽(tīng)為主動(dòng)聽(tīng)。
例題9(2011年真題)
1. Which of the statements about the auto show is INCORRECT?
A. The show will have more stands this year.
B. The show will have more visitors this year.
C. The number of overseas visitors will be the same this year.
D. The number of exhibition days will be the same this year.
解析:此題問(wèn)關(guān)于汽車(chē)展不正確的陳述是什么?展出柜臺和參觀(guān)人數可能會(huì )增加,展出天數也可能和往年一樣,但是國外來(lái)的參觀(guān)者不可能和往年一樣多,沒(méi)這么精確。因此選項C極有可能是答案。
例題10(2011年真題)
5. The advertisements will be placed in all of the following EXCEPT
A. family magazines. B. Sunday newspaper.
C. morning television. D. teenage magazine.
6. The advertisements are intended to be seen by
A. parents only. B. children only. C. school teachers. D. whole families.
解析:第5題問(wèn)廣告不會(huì )出現的地方是?早晨一般很少有人看電視,選項C極有可能是答案。第6題:廣告的受眾是?選項D“整個(gè)家庭的人”(即所有人)完全包含了父母、小孩和教師等三類(lèi)人,它極有可能是正確答案。
二、集中注意力,關(guān)注對話(huà)開(kāi)頭和結尾部分。
對話(huà)的頭尾兩部分的信息往往是考點(diǎn)出現的地方,一般來(lái)說(shuō),必有兩道題目的答案藏在其中,同時(shí)也會(huì )出現容易得分的題目。
例題11(2009年真題)
W: Hi, Mark. How are you?
M: Actually, I’m really fed up, Linda. It’s Jane.
W: Jane? Who’s Jane?
M: No, nobody really. Just the most astoundingly attractive girl in my year of school.
....
W: OK, then, well, there’s that party at John’s on Friday night. You could invite her.
M: Just another small problem. John’s her boyfriend.
Questions:
1.Mark is unhappy because of
A. his Chemistry homework. B. a girl in his class.
C. Linda’s words. D. Friday night’s party.
3. Did Mark eventually take Linda’s advice?
A. No. B. Partly. C. Completely. D. Not mentioned.
第1題和第3題分別對應對話(huà)開(kāi)頭和結尾的錄音文字。第1題題干的關(guān)鍵詞unhappy和fed up(氣憤)對應。第3題為隱含意義考核:女生建議男生邀請Jane參加John的派對,男生說(shuō)有點(diǎn)麻煩,John是Jane的男朋友。
三、日常生活場(chǎng)景的背景知識非常重要
熟悉生活場(chǎng)景所涉及的相關(guān)事件,聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中更容易集中注意力,答題就容易。
例題12 (2005年真題)
8. Parcel Express needs the following details about the sender EXCEPT
A. name. B. address. C. receipt. D. phone number.
9. Parcels must be left open mainly for
A. customs’ check B. security check.
C. convenience’s sake. D. the company’s sake.
10. The woman’s last inquiry is mainly concerned with
A. the time needed for sending the parcel. B. the fl ight time to New York.
C. the parcel destination. D. parcel collection.
這是一則郵寄包裹的對話(huà),問(wèn)題涉及郵寄人的信息、包裹安檢和所需郵寄時(shí)間等?忌羰怯朽]寄包裹的經(jīng)歷,在預覽題目并且聽(tīng)了材料之后,以上三道題目相當簡(jiǎn)單。第8題問(wèn):“快遞公司不需要寄件人的哪些信息”,寄件人沒(méi)有收據,當然不需要,而是快遞公司給寄件人收據,所以答案為C。第9題問(wèn):“包裹必須打開(kāi)檢查的主要原因是什么”,當然是為了安全起見(jiàn),而且聽(tīng)力錄音中提到過(guò)最近發(fā)生了爆炸案,更加確信答案為B。第
解析:10題問(wèn)“女士最后一個(gè)問(wèn)題主要是什么”,根據郵寄包裹的經(jīng)歷,只有選項A可能是正確的,即“郵寄包裹所花的時(shí)間”。
四、留意題目中具有否定意義的單詞
具有否定意義的單詞和詞組本身是學(xué)習的難點(diǎn),聽(tīng)力考試中出現則難上加難。同學(xué)們應特別留意題干中具有否定意義的單詞,粗心大意的同學(xué),可能會(huì )將否定看成肯定,從而解答錯誤。這樣的題目一般較難,需要大家多加留意。
例題13 (2010年真題)
4 Which of the following details is CORRECT?
A. Mark knows the exact number of airport buses.
B. Mark knows the exact number of delegates’ spouse.
C. Mark doesn’t know the exact number of delegates yet.
D. Mark doesn’t know the number of guest speakers.
解析:這道題目的題干是肯定語(yǔ)氣,但是選項包含兩個(gè)肯定句和兩個(gè)否定句,有些句子還有相同的名詞(如exact number),容易讓考生感到迷惑,須留意。
五、善于利用語(yǔ)境,理解語(yǔ)用意義
對話(huà)和短文、新聞的不同之處在于對話(huà)有很強的語(yǔ)境,即借助各種生活場(chǎng)景來(lái)表達語(yǔ)言的具體意義,從而實(shí)現語(yǔ)言的交際功能。語(yǔ)言離開(kāi)語(yǔ)境就沒(méi)有引申含義,只有字面意思。在聽(tīng)錄音的過(guò)程中,同學(xué)們要善于把語(yǔ)言和語(yǔ)境聯(lián)系起來(lái),推測其表達的語(yǔ)言功能是請求、命令、否定、猶豫、建議還是其他深層意義,也就是我們常說(shuō)的要推測說(shuō)話(huà)人的言外之意,才能真正理解對話(huà)中說(shuō)話(huà)人的意圖。
例題14 (2012年真題)
W(Ruth): .... So being an ethical shopper really means thinking a bit before you go and spend
your money in the shops.
....
W: So it’s about thinking before you shop.
Question:
3. According to the conversation, ethical shoppers can be best described as
A. shrewd. B. thrifty. C. extravagant. D. cautious.
解析:D 推理題。問(wèn)道德購物者具有什么樣的特點(diǎn)。對話(huà)中兩次出現意思相近的句子:“去商店花錢(qián)購物時(shí)要考慮考慮”,“購物時(shí)考慮下”,其字面意思似乎表達這些人出手不大方,或者精明(shrewd),其實(shí)想表達道德購物者購物小心謹慎(cautious)。
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