句型4:Subject(主語(yǔ))+Verb(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)+Indirect object(間接賓語(yǔ))+Direct object (直接賓語(yǔ))
這種句型中,直接賓語(yǔ)為主要賓語(yǔ),在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名詞來(lái)充當;間接賓語(yǔ)也被稱(chēng)之為第二賓語(yǔ),去掉之后,對整個(gè)句子的影響不大,多由指“人”的名詞或代詞承擔。引導這類(lèi)雙賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。
如:1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present. 她爸爸給她買(mǎi)了一本詞典作為生日禮物。
2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in theLong March.老人經(jīng)常給孩子們講述長(cháng)征途中那些英雄的故事。
上述句子還可以表達為:1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.
2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.
句型5:Subject(主語(yǔ))+Verb (謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)+Object (賓語(yǔ))+Complement(補語(yǔ))
這種句型中的“賓語(yǔ)+補語(yǔ)”統稱(chēng)為“復合賓語(yǔ)”。賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)的主要作用或者是補充、說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)、身份等;或者表示讓賓語(yǔ)去完成的動(dòng)作等。擔任補語(yǔ)的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。如:1)You should keep the room clean and tidy.你應該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。(形容詞)2) We made him our monitor.(名詞)我們選他當班長(cháng)。3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父親告訴他不要在街上玩。
●常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。
●注意:動(dòng)詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補時(shí),不帶to。
如:1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板讓他整天做那項工作。
2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在隔壁唱了一個(gè)晚上。
句型6:There be +主語(yǔ)+其它
這一結構表示“某地有某物”。主語(yǔ)一般位于there be之后。值得關(guān)注的是,當句中有兩個(gè)或更多的主語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞一般和最近的一個(gè)保持一致:1)There are two girls and a boy running on the playground.有兩個(gè)女孩和一個(gè)男孩正在操場(chǎng)上跑。
2)There is a cat behind the tree.樹(shù)后面有一只貓。