名詞性從句句子
名詞性從句句子用法是怎樣的?以下是小編整理的相關(guān)語(yǔ)法,歡迎閱讀。
名詞性從句
名詞性從句是在句子中起名詞作用的句子。 名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞詞組, 它在復合句中能擔任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等,因此根據它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法的功能,名詞性從句又可分別稱(chēng)為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。
名詞性從句分類(lèi)
主語(yǔ)從句
主語(yǔ)從句通常由下列詞引導:
1)從屬連詞that、whether、if等;
2)連接代詞what、who、which、whatever、whoever、whom 等;
3)連接副詞how、when、where、why 等。
that在句中無(wú)詞義,只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞都在句中既保留自己的疑問(wèn)含義、又起連接作用,在從句中充當主語(yǔ)的成分。注:whom、who指人,what指物,whatever、whoever表示泛指意義。例如:
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說(shuō)什么,還不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown. 誰(shuí)能贏(yíng)得這場(chǎng)比賽還不得而知。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英語(yǔ)晚會(huì )將在哪里舉行,還沒(méi)有宣布。
有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用形式主語(yǔ)it代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ)放于句首,而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句末。主語(yǔ)從句后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數形式。常用句型如下:
。1)It be+ 名詞 + that從句
It's a great pity that they didn't get married.
他們沒(méi)能結婚,真是令人惋惜。
It 's a good thing that you were insured.
你保了險,這可是件好事。
。2)It be + 形容詞 + that從句
It's splendid that you passed your exam.
你通過(guò)考試了,真棒。
It's strange that there are no lights on.
真奇怪,沒(méi)有一盞燈是開(kāi)著(zhù)的。
。3)It be + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+ 主語(yǔ)從句
It's said that he has been there many times.
據說(shuō)他去過(guò)那兒很多次。
。4)It +不及物動(dòng)詞+ that 從句[1]
另注意在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語(yǔ)氣時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
(5) it seems/happens+that 從句
(6)眾所周知的幾種表達方式
、買(mǎi)t is known to us that.
、贏(yíng)s is known to us.
、踂hat is known to us is that.
it引導的強調句結構:It is/was+被強調部分+that/who+句子其它部分。
eg:My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
強調主語(yǔ):It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
強調賓語(yǔ):It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
強調時(shí)間:It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.(注意不用when)
強調地點(diǎn):It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
賓語(yǔ)從句
名詞從句用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。引導賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。
1. 由連接詞that引導的賓語(yǔ)從句。
由連接詞that引導賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),that在句中不擔任任何成分,在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如果從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我們決不能認為自己什么都好,別人什么都不好。
注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后,賓語(yǔ)從句常用“(should)+ 動(dòng)詞原形”。
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊馬上出發(fā)。
2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導的賓語(yǔ)從句相當于特殊疑問(wèn)句,應注意句子語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序。
I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人,她都會(huì )給予熱情的支持。
3.可運用it做形式賓語(yǔ)。
、賱(dòng)詞make, find ,think,feel,consider,believe等后面有賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,則需要用it做形式賓語(yǔ),而將that賓語(yǔ)從句后置,結構:S.+vt+it+adj./n.+oc(賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ))。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我認為每天多喝開(kāi)水是有必要的。
I feel it a pity that I haven't been to the get-together.我沒(méi)去聚餐,感覺(jué)非常遺憾。
、谟行﹦(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需要在賓語(yǔ)與從句前加it,這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞主要是:hate,take,owe,have,see to
I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿(mǎn)嘴食物時(shí)說(shuō)話(huà)。
We take it that you will agree with us.我們認為你會(huì )同意我們的。
He will have it that our plan is really pratical.他認為我們的計劃確實(shí)可行。
4.用whether或if引導的賓語(yǔ)從句,其主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的順序也不能顛倒,仍保持陳述句語(yǔ)序。此外,whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether,不用if:
、賥hether引導主語(yǔ)從句在句首時(shí);
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有沒(méi)有生命是個(gè)有趣的問(wèn)題。
Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.他能否準時(shí)參加派對得看交通情況。
、谫e語(yǔ)從句放在句首表示強調時(shí),只能用whether;
Whether this is true or not, I really don't know.這是否真實(shí),我也不知道。
、垡龑П碚Z(yǔ)從句,只能用whether;
The question is whether we can get in touch with her.問(wèn)題是我們是否能聯(lián)系上她。
、芤龑Ы樵~賓語(yǔ)時(shí),只能用whether;
His father is worried about whether he lose his work.他的父親擔心他是否會(huì )失去工作。
I'm thinking about whether I should quit my present job.我正在考慮我是否應該辭去現 在的工作。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我們是否有足夠的'錢(qián)。
、輎f與whether都可以與or not連用,但后面緊跟著(zhù)or not時(shí)只能用whether;
We didn't know whether or not she was ready.(此時(shí)只能用whether)
I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.(此時(shí)則二者都可以用)
、藓蠼觿(dòng)詞不定式時(shí),用whether;
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留?
I can't decide whether to stay.我不能決定是否留下。
、哂胕f會(huì )引起歧義時(shí),只用whether;
Could you tell me if you know the answer ?
這句話(huà)有兩種意思:“你能告訴我是否知道答案嗎?”或“如果你知道答案,請告訴我,好嗎?”。如用whether可避免歧義.
、鄔hether可引導同位語(yǔ)從句,if不能引導同位語(yǔ)從句。
The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.我們是否請專(zhuān)家由家庭醫生來(lái)定。
5. 注意賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應,當主句動(dòng)詞是現 在時(shí),從句根據自身的句子情況,而使用不同時(shí)態(tài)。
I know (that) he studies English every day. (從句用一般現在時(shí))
I know (that) he studied English last term. (從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí))
I know (that) he will study English next year. (從句用一般將來(lái)時(shí))
I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. (從句用現在完成時(shí))
當主句動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(could, would除外),從句則要用相應的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),如一般過(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)等;當從句表示的是客觀(guān)真理,科學(xué)原理,自然現象,則從句仍用現 在時(shí)態(tài)。
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.
All of us know that the moon moves round the earth.
6. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語(yǔ)從句中,要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中?/p>
We don’t think you are here. 我們認為你不在這。
I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不會(huì )這樣做。
表語(yǔ)從句
在復合句中,位于系動(dòng)詞之后作表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句。引導表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,表語(yǔ)從句位于系動(dòng)詞后,有時(shí)用as if引導。
其基本結構為:主語(yǔ)+ 聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞+ that從句
1.that 引導表語(yǔ)從句,無(wú)詞義,只起連接作用,不可省。
2.聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞可為be,look,seem,sound,appear等。
3.主語(yǔ)可為名詞fact,truth,cause,question,explanation,trouble,assumption,belief等,代詞this,that,these,it等。
The fact is that we have lost the game. 事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場(chǎng)比賽。
That’s just what I want. 這正是我想要的。
This is where our problem lies. 這就是我們的問(wèn)題所在。
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他為什么不到會(huì )的原因。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
Raw material is what we are badly in need of.原材料是我們所急需的。
China is not what it used to be.中國已不是過(guò)去的中國了。
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