in…ways 在…方面 be different from 與…不同
play a role/ part (in) 在…中擔任角色；在…中起作用;扮演一個(gè)角色；參與
play an important role/ part 在…中起重要作用 because of 因為；由于
such as 例如 believe it or not 信不信由你
come up (vi) 走進(jìn)；上來(lái)；發(fā)生；被討論 come up with 提出
come up to a place 參觀(guān)某地 ever before 從前
at the end of 在…末期 even if/ though 即使
be based on 在...基礎上 close to 距離…近
make (good/ full) use of （好好/充分）利用 change…into 把…變成
in the early days 在早期 from one place to another 從一處到另一處
take…with…隨身攜帶 the same…as 與…相同的
at present 目前 as a rule 通常；照例
be present at 在席；出席 carry out a rule 執行規則
be absent from 缺席 be a native of 是…人
present sth to sb / present sb with sth be native to 是…的土產(chǎn)動(dòng)物/植物
at sb’s request 應某人的要求 have a command of掌握
make a request 請求 give commands 命令
request that …(should)+v原形 in one direction 朝一個(gè)方向
an international language 一門(mén)國際語(yǔ)言 an international organization 一個(gè)國際組織
in the 1600’s = in the 1600s as we know 正如我們所知
1. However, they may not be able to understand everything.
（然而，他們可能不是什么都懂。）
2. This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.
(這是因為英國于1765年到1947年統治過(guò)印度。)
3. All languages change when cultures communicate with one another.
(當不同文化互相溝通時(shí)，所有的語(yǔ)言都會(huì )發(fā)生變化。)
4. What the British call “petrol” the Americans call “gas”.
(美國人把被英國人稱(chēng)作“petrol”的東西稱(chēng)作“gas”。 此處what引導賓語(yǔ)從句)
5. Actually, it was based more on German than present day English.
(實(shí)際上，當時(shí)的英語(yǔ)更多地是以德語(yǔ)為基礎的，而現代英語(yǔ)不是。)
6. …those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.
7. The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.
(in which= where, 其引導定語(yǔ)從句。 美國是一個(gè)大國，國內說(shuō)著(zhù)許許多多的方言。)
8. …there is more than one kind of English in the world.
(more than one+單數可數名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數)
9. It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as well as a native English speaker.
(對于一個(gè)中國人來(lái)說(shuō)把英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得跟以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人一樣好是不容易的。)
句型：It is + adj/n+ for sb to do sth 對于某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是…
擴充：It is + adj+ of /for sb to do sth
當句式中形容詞修飾to do sth 時(shí)用for; 若形容詞修飾sb，則用of.
eg: It’s kind of you to help me carry the box.
附：
1. either…or…和neither…nor…連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采取就近原則。
2. be different in 強調在某方面的不同
be different from 強調在各方面的不同
3. in the end 最后，最終 后無(wú)of 結構
三個(gè)表示最后最終的用法：
⑴finally: 按照順序的最后，常與first, secondly 等連用
⑵at last: 經(jīng)過(guò)長(cháng)時(shí)間等待直到最后
⑶in the end: 經(jīng)過(guò)長(cháng)期曲折斗爭努力，終于… 如：戰爭等
4. 與人交談，常會(huì )有聽(tīng)不清楚或聽(tīng)不懂的情形，遇到這種情況該如何開(kāi)口呢？
⑴Pardon?
⑵I beg your pardon? I don’t understand./ Sorry, I can’t follow you.
對不起，我沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂，請再說(shuō)一遍好嗎？
⑶Could you say that again, please? / Could you repeat that, please? 請再說(shuō)一遍好嗎？
⑷Could you speak more slowly, please? 請你說(shuō)得慢一點(diǎn)好嗎？
5. include ─ including; included
identity ─ identify
actually ─ actual (adj); rapidly ─ rapid (v)
government (n) ─ govern(v)
wide (adj) ─ widen (v); broad (adj) ─ broaden (v)
foreign ─ foreigner;
solve (v) ─ solution (n)
6. petrol------gas ; lift------elevator; flat------apartment
film------movie; sweets----candy; post------mail