2007-2008學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期
高三英語(yǔ)備課組復習課教案
Unit 1 Great Scientists
Ｉ. 單元教學(xué)目標
技能目標Skill Goals
1． 1. To activate the students’ knowledge about great scientists in the world and their achievements.
2．To get the students understand the spirit of science.
3．To adapt the scientific spirit in their pursuit of knowledge.
4．Get the students to know how Past Participle used as attributive and predictive is used。
II． 目標語(yǔ)言
功 能句 式 描述人物(describing people: characteristics and qualities)
How will I recognize you?
You can recognize me because…
What will you wear?
What do you look like?
What special features do you have?
I’m tall/short/fat/thin/young/old…
How will I know you?
I have large/small/brown/green/black eyes with…
詞
匯 1. 四會(huì )詞匯
Analyze, valuable, pump, pub, blame, immediately, virus, construction, contribute, positive, spin, reject, characteristic, radium, enthusiastic, cautious, spin, instruct, attend, reject. attend, cure, control, absorb, severe, handle, announce,
2. 詞組
absorb into, handle from, lead to, steam engine, put forward, make a conclusion, in addition, link…to…, apart from, point of view，expose…to, , apart from, contribute to, make a conclusion, make sense, be strict with
語(yǔ)
法 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)
(The Past Participle as the Attribute and the Predicative)So many thousands of terrified people died. (Attribute)
But he became inspired when he … (Predicative)
重 點(diǎn) 句 子 1. He got interested in two theories explaining how cholera killed people.
2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
3. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
4．To prevent this from happening again, John Snow supposed that the source of all water supplies be examined and new methods of dealing with polluted water be found.
Ⅲ. 情感目標
To encourage the students to learn about some great scientists and their great achievements and how science helps to improve our society and change our life. Meanwhile, inspire the students to learn from the scientists and form their positive attitude towards science.
使學(xué)生回想起不同領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)家，了解科學(xué)家對人類(lèi)的貢獻及其成果。通過(guò)閱讀課文，使學(xué)生感悟科學(xué)家的周密觀(guān)察、勇于探索、認真分析的科學(xué)精神，使學(xué)生了解科學(xué)發(fā)現的全過(guò)程具有其科學(xué)的嚴密性。以及通過(guò)分組討論將來(lái)選擇什么科學(xué)工作，需要什么樣的教育、品格及經(jīng)歷來(lái)完成提問(wèn)和應答的交際功能訓練，也實(shí)施了對學(xué)生的德育教育。同時(shí)培養學(xué)生的收集信息、整理信息及傳遞信息的能力，體現了自做、自助和自悟的教學(xué)思想，改進(jìn)學(xué)生的學(xué)習策略。
Ⅳ.話(huà)題：本單元主要話(huà)題是“科學(xué)家如何以探索、鉆研、無(wú)畏的科研精神驗證未知的科學(xué)真理�！绷私庵�(zhù)名醫生John Snow，錢(qián)學(xué)森，哥白尼等科學(xué)家以及他們的貢獻和故事
Ⅴ.Teaching plans: 3 periods
第一課時(shí)：話(huà)題詞匯及及開(kāi)展同類(lèi)文章的課外閱讀，進(jìn)一步提升這一類(lèi)文章的閱讀技能。
第二課時(shí)：?jiǎn)卧~匯及重點(diǎn)實(shí)用句型
第三課時(shí)：課堂檢測及單元語(yǔ)法
Part1 Revision for the topic
Step 1 Enjoy an English poem
Teacher's Prayer
I want to teach my students how to live this life on earth,
To face its struggle and its strife and improve their worth.
Not just the lesson in a book or how the rivers flow,
But how to choose the proper path wherever they may go.
To understand eternal truth and know the right from wrong,
And gather all the beauty of a flower and a song.
For if I help the world to grow in wisdom and in grace,
Then, I shall feel that I have won and I have filled my place.
And so I ask my guidance, God, that I may do my part,
For character and confidence and happiness of heart.
教師的心愿
我想教會(huì )學(xué)生如何去生活，
如何面對困難，完善自我。
不只是書(shū)本知識或是自然奧秘，
而是如何走好人生之旅。
學(xué)會(huì )去辨別是非，找尋真理，
從平凡的點(diǎn)滴中發(fā)掘美的韻律。
如果我的存在使這個(gè)世界更加絢麗，
那么我也就實(shí)現了自己的人生目的。
所以蒼天作證，我已全心全意，
詮釋了品格、信心和幸福的真諦
Step 2 Warming up
Albert Einstein, the greatest scientist of the 20th century, is famous for his Theory of Relativity（相對論）.He was born in Germany(German), but he took the American nationality(nation). He began to study in Switzerland when he was seventeen. He took a doctor’s degree and later won (win) the Nobel Prize for Physics. In 1933, he and his family left Europe for the USA. He worked at a university as a Professor of Physics. Although he was very famous, he lived a simple life. He took no interest in money. He often gave lectures for free. All through his life he liked not only physics, but also music. It is/was said that in music he found the peace that was missing (miss) from a world full of war and killing.
Step 3 Discussion: what is the key to success?
Everyone gets the itch to succeed, but only part of them can make their dreams come true. You maybe wonder: what is the key to success? The answer is “To keep the desire to learn”.
Keep the desire to learn, and you will never be satisfied with what you have known. Always keep a curious mind to all the mysterious parts of the world. Keep the desire to learn, and whatever difficulties you face, the strong belief will support you in solving the problems. Keep the desire to learn, just as Ms Curie puts it: “Nothing in the world is to be feared, it is only to be understand.” So everything is possible if we try our best and never give up.
One who does not have the desire to learn will never reach their goals. They are always shortsighted and are easily be satisfied with the very little thing they have known. In fact, knowledge, just like the ocean, never has a rim. Whenever and wherever you are, you should remember: what you are learning is only the surface.
In a word, always keep the desire to learn, and the door of success will open to you one day.
Step 4 NMET- linking
高考閱讀理解 07重慶C、07山東 C、06（附加高考完型填空實(shí)戰演練）
Part2 Revision of this unit
Step1 Practice
Ⅰ. 按要求寫(xiě)單詞：(鞏固練習見(jiàn)《名家》活學(xué)活用)
Use the correct form of the words to fill in the blanks.
infection
conclude
analysis
value
announcement /announcer
Instruction/instruction
calculate
contribution /contributor
contributive
rejection
create
persuader persuade
co-operation Co-operate
death die
n. adj. adv.
certainty certain certainly
revolution revolutionary X
privacy隱私；隱居 private privately
enthusiasm enthusiastic enthusiastically
logic logical logically
science /scientist
II.重點(diǎn)詞組 （見(jiàn) 《名家指路》）
1. Translate the following
1. know about… 了解……的情況 2. expose (…)to sth. 暴露(…..)在……中
3. absorb sth. into… 把….吸收入….4. determine to do sth. 決心干某事
5. link … to … 將….和….聯(lián)系起來(lái) (be linked to…)
6.come to an end 到了盡頭 7. contribute to sth. 有助于;促進(jìn)
8. living conditions 居住條件 9. achieve great success 取得巨大的成功
10. devote one’s life to doing sth. / be devoted to sth./sb.
獻身于….. 專(zhuān)致于…….; 關(guān)心…;摯愛(ài)…
2. Choose the correct words or expressions to fill in the blanks. Each word or expression may be used only once.
1.Who _______________ a theory about black holes?
2.What ________________ did you draw?
3.The car went out of _____________ and crashed.
4.SARS is a terrible ______________ disease.
5.He ______________ a difficult argument skillfully.
6.The cholera outbreak was so ____________ that more than 500 people had died in 10 days.
7. Everyone was silent as he _____________ the winner of the match.
8._______________ visiting the zoo, we went to the museum.
9._______________ that 10 dollars, I have another ten given by my mother.
Step 2 詞語(yǔ)辨析
1. deadly, dead, die, death
2. complete, finish, end
3. reject, refuse
4. besides, in addition (to), apart from, except, except for, but
5. examine, check, test
6. defeat, beat, win
Step3重點(diǎn)句子拓展：
Step4 Writing task
基礎寫(xiě)作：
請以 Madame Curie 為題，寫(xiě)一篇 5個(gè)句子的英語(yǔ)短文。要點(diǎn)如下：
1. Madame Curie 是世界著(zhù)名的女科學(xué)家，1867年出生于波蘭一個(gè)教師家庭。
2. 她從小愛(ài)學(xué)習并希望成為科學(xué)家，16 歲中學(xué)畢業(yè)，24 歲赴巴黎就讀于巴黎大學(xué)，生活簡(jiǎn)樸，學(xué)習刻苦。
3. 她一生致力于科學(xué)研究，于 1903 年和 1911 年兩次分別獲諾貝爾物理獎和諾貝爾化學(xué)獎。
4. 一個(gè)女人事業(yè)成功不容易，而一生中兩次獲諾貝爾獎更為困難，居里夫人將作為一位偉大的女性永遠為人們所懷念。
思路點(diǎn)撥與寫(xiě)前熱身
1. 本文是記敘文中的人物傳記。全文要求敘述居里夫人的生平，應該按時(shí)間順序進(jìn)行敘述，敘述上要求有層次性，必要的詞如 when she was...,at the age of 等要使用，以便給人以時(shí)間上的概念。
2. Translate the following in groups of four.
① 奔赴 ______________________ ② 生活簡(jiǎn)樸 _________________________
③ 致力于…… _____________________④ 諾貝爾物理獎 _____________________
⑤ 被作為……紀念 _________________________
Suggested article:
Born in a teacher's family in Poland in 1867, Madame Curie was a world famous woman scientist. From her early childhood, she loved to study and hoped to become a scientist. She finished middle school at the age of 16 and. at 24 she left for Paris and entered Paris University, where she lived a very simple life and studied very hard.
Madame Curie devoted her whole life to the study of science so that she won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 and for Chemistry in 1911.
It is not easy for a woman to succeed in her work and it is even more difficult for a woman to win the Nobel Prize twice, for which Madame Curie will always be remembered as a great woman.
Step5 Assignment
1. Finish the exercises in our reference book.( <名家指路>)
2. Translate the following sentences
3. Use five sentences to describe a scientist you like.( .選定一名最喜愛(ài)的科學(xué)家，作一個(gè)相關(guān)匯報，主要項目是科學(xué)家的生平簡(jiǎn)介，對科學(xué)的貢獻及成功之道等等。)
Part3 Revision of Grammar
淺析分詞熱點(diǎn)考題及對應策略
請看此題，
The storm left，______ a lot of damage to this area．
A．caused B．to have caused
C．to cause D．having caused
本題考查的是現在分詞作結果狀語(yǔ)。該題意為：暴風(fēng)雨過(guò)后，給這一地區造成了巨大的損失。本句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1eft為過(guò)去式，意指在暴風(fēng)雨停止之前已造成巨大損失，表示cause這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在1eave之前，故此選D項。
順便在這里說(shuō)說(shuō)分詞的用法和�？键c(diǎn)。分詞主要起著(zhù)形容詞與副詞的作用，高考側重考查狀語(yǔ)功能、定語(yǔ)功能、賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)功能和獨立主格結構的有關(guān)用法。
一、分詞的狀語(yǔ)功能
1．The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,_______ that he had enjoyed his stay here．
A．having added B．to add C．a(chǎn)dding D．a(chǎn)dded
2．European football is played in 80 countries _______ it the most popular sport in the world．
A．making B．makes C．made D．to make
解析1：C。這里“補充”為伴隨性動(dòng)作，也是一個(gè)主動(dòng)性動(dòng)作，應用現在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
解析2：A。該句表示：歐式足球運動(dòng)在八十個(gè)國家開(kāi)展的結果是，它使歐式足球成為世界上最受歡迎的體育運動(dòng)。顯然應用現在分詞作結果狀語(yǔ)。
小結：分詞可作時(shí)間、條件、結果、原因、伴隨等狀語(yǔ)，現在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，過(guò)去分詞狀語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)或完成的動(dòng)作，此時(shí)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是主句的主語(yǔ)，應注意人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的一致性。
二、分詞的定語(yǔ)功能
3．Most of the artists ______ to the party were from South Africa．
A．invited B．to invite C．being invited D．had been invited
4．The computer center，_______ last year，is very popular among the students in this school．
A．open B．opening C．having opened D．opened
解析3：A�？腿耸且驯谎垍⒓油頃�(huì )的，所以應用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，表示完成了的動(dòng)作和主謂之間的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)關(guān)系。
解析4：D。電腦中心是去年(被)開(kāi)張的，既是完成又是被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，應用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。
小結：現在分詞作定語(yǔ)，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)
表示完成了的或被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，此時(shí)可換成相應的定語(yǔ)從句。
三、分詞的賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)功能
5．Soon they could see steam _______ from the wet clothes．
A．rise B．rising C．risen D．be rising
6．They knew her very well．They had seen her_______ up from childhood．
A．grow B．grew C．was growing D．to grow
解析5：B。該空表示水蒸氣正從衣服上升起，應用現在分詞作補足語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
解析6：A。該句強調她已長(cháng)大成人，而不強調她正在成長(cháng)，應用省略to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)。特別提醒：不定式作賓補的意義不同于作其他成分，表示完成或將要做的動(dòng)作。
小結：分詞常作賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)，其中現在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的或主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，過(guò)去分詞表示完成了或被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。
四、分詞的獨立主格結構
7．The murderer was brought in，with his hands _______ be hind his back．
A．being B．having tied C．to be tied D．tied
8．With his lips still _______ ，he couldn’t say a word．
A．trembling B．tremble C．to tremble D．to be trembling
解析7：D。兇手的雙手一定是被綁在背后，應用過(guò)去分詞構成的獨立主格結構作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。
解析8：A。他說(shuō)不出話(huà)的原因是因為他的嘴唇仍在顫抖，應用現在分詞的獨立主格結構作原因狀語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作自主發(fā)出并正在進(jìn)行。
小結：分詞的獨立性結構就是指帶有分詞邏輯主語(yǔ)的結構，在句中可作時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨等狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)前邊也可加上介詞，其中現在分詞仍表示進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，過(guò)去分詞仍表示完成了或被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。
同步練習
1. He looked around and caught a man ______ (put) his hand into the pocket of a passenger. ( putting)
2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _______ (seize) the girl and took her away, _______ (disappear) into the woods. (A. seizing; disappeared)
4. Though _____ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
5. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _______ （wait）for another hour. (waiting))
6. _______ (suffer) such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. (Having suffered)
8. ______ (suffer) from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. ( Having suffered)
7. The bell ______(indicate) the end of the period rang, ______ (interrupt) our heated discussion. ( indicating; interrupted)
9. He sent me an E-mail, ______ (hope) to get further information. ( hoping)
10. The ______ (miss) boy was last seen_______(play) near the East Lake.
(missing; playing)
11. The picture ______ (hang) on the wall is painted by my nephew. (hanging) 12. "We can ' t go out in this weather," said Bob, _______(look) out of the window.
(looking)
13. Don't leave the water ______(run) while you brush your teeth. (running)
14. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ______ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.
A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken
15. In the past, this work, ________________ (consider) highly skilled, was usually done by men. (considered)
16. It's necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ______(have) the answer ready will be of great help. ( Having)
17. "You can' t catch me!" Janet shouted, ________ (run) away. ( running)
18. There was a terrible noise ______(follow) the sudden burst of light.
(following)
19. ______ (send)the child to bed, she began to correct the pupils' exercises.
( Having sent)
20.________(not receive) a reply, we decided not to wait any longer.
( Not having received)
21. We expressed our satisfaction with the talk, _______ ( add) that we would visit the city again. (adding )
22. When I got back home I saw a message
pinned to the door, _________ (read) "Call 68837822".( reading)
23. _________ (see) from the space, the Great Wall lies in the mountains tike a huge dragon. (Seeing)
25. When _______(heat) , ice changes into water. (heated)
26. He dived into the water, ________(leave) only his face___________(expose).
(leaving; exposed)
27. ________ many times, but he still couldn' t understand it.
A. Though he had been B. Having been told
C. Having told D. He had been told
28. _______(not know) his address, I couldn't go to see
him yesterday. (Not knowing)
29. Reading this instructive book, ___________ .
A. tears came to his eyes B. his eyes were filled with tears
C. he burst into tears D. his eyes were full of tears
30. ________ , we had to go home.
A. There was no bus B. We couldn' t find a bus
C. There being no bus D. There no bus
31. _______ (not invite) to the party, Mary was greatly hurt.
(Not having been invited)
32. _______(expose) to the sun, rain and wind for a long time, the stone split.
(Exposed)
Keys: 1---5 DDBCA 6---10 AACBA 11---15 BABAD
16---20 DBADC 21---25 BABAC 26---30ADDCC
31---32 BB
解題方法提示：
1．選用現在還是過(guò)去分詞一定要找到與分詞相配的主語(yǔ)，再做決定。
2．regret (remember，forget)+doing結構中的分詞表示完成了的動(dòng)作，如果是以上動(dòng)詞+to do結構，則不定式表示沒(méi)有做的動(dòng)作。
3．如果句中有but, and連接則不用分詞結構，一定是用并列句結構。
4．否定詞not置分詞前。
5．注意句中的標點(diǎn)符號，分析句子結構后再做選擇。
高考鏈接
E
No one can fail to stand in awed（令人敬畏的）admiration of the great discoveries of history-Newton’s laws of motion , Kepler’s principles of planetary movement , Einstein’s general theory of relativity . Equally awe-inspiring are artistic creations in painting , theatre , music , and literature , which have also been brought about by discovery through personal efforts . What do these extraordinary achievements of well-known scientists and artists have to do with problem solving ?
A great scientific discovery or a great work of art is surely the result of problem-solving activity . The solution to a problem , we are told , often comes to thinkers in a “ flash of insight（頓悟）” , although they may have been turning the problem over in their minds for some time . As a particular form of problem solving , these creative acts are based on the broad knowledge gained in the past , whether this be of the “ public ” sort known to science , or of the “ private ” sort known to the artist .
Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem , often over fairly long periods of time . Indeed , it would be strange if they had not done this . Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society . The act of discovery , even in the relatively predictable（可以預見(jiàn)的）sense that it occurs in everyday learning , involves（涉及）a “ sudden insight ” which changes the problem situation into a solution situation . As we have seen , everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past , which is involved in the solution .
52. Newton , Kepler and Einstein are mentioned in the first paragraph to .
A. bring about the subject of the discussion
B. explain that scientists are more creative
C. show the difference between science and arts
D. prove that arts require more personal efforts
53. While knowledge from the past plays an important role in their achievements , thinkers sometimes also depend on their .
A. artistic tastes B. sudden insight
C. admiration of discoveries D. scientific experiments
54. What does the underlined word “ this ” refer to ?
A. Great contributions to the society .
B. Long-time study of the subject matter .
C. Various statements about problem solving .
D. Complete devotion to artistic creation .
55. We may conclude from the passage that .
A. it is more likely to make scientific and artistic discoveries in everyday learning
B. a sudden insight and knowledge from the past are required in making discoveries
C. scientific discoveries or artistic creations are usually unpredictable in nature
D. knowledge of the rules in the past is often developed in the changes of situation
（05天津E） 51-55 BABBB
高考鏈接參考答案
這是一個(gè)電子郵件,文中介紹了美國被譽(yù)為 “民權運動(dòng)之母”的偉大女性Rosa Parks的成就以及她去世后給予的榮譽(yù).
1.主旨題. 從Susan電子郵件中即可獲知答案.
2.猜詞題. 根據Susan電子郵件, Please read Professor Hume’s email …(請閱讀Hume教授的電子郵件)及本句,即可得知答案.
3.推理題. 根據倒數第二段第三,四句Rice said …, “but I can honestly say that without Mrs Parks, I probably would not be standing here as secretary of State” (但是我可以誠實(shí)地講,沒(méi)有Parks夫人,我就不可能作為國務(wù)卿站在這里.)說(shuō)明黑人能當選國務(wù)卿要職,種族平等已得到社會(huì )認可是由于Rosa Park的政治影響,即可推出答案C.
4.細節題.根據文章的最后一段,即可得知答案.
命題思路: 本文為應用文,書(shū)信體裁. 考查學(xué)生的細讀,深層理解,推理判斷的能力.
07山東 C ACBBAA
語(yǔ)篇解讀: 一位普通的音樂(lè )教師卻贏(yíng)得了全國優(yōu)秀教師的榮譽(yù),是什么使她享有如此殊榮?是她的努力,創(chuàng )造力、以及她的一切付出.并且她堅信藝術(shù),音樂(lè ),體育與其他課程是同等重要的.
1.猜測詞義. 由此句的后半句” with almost no money for equipment or supplies…”可知此項任務(wù)是不可能interesting或creative. 而她的教學(xué)工作也與unbearable (不可忍受)”無(wú)關(guān).
2.細節題.由文章第一段可得出答案.
3.推理題. 由文章第二段以及倒數第四段的具體介紹可得出答案.
4.細節題.文章的倒數第四段具體講述了她如何利用到的課堂的知識為她的音樂(lè )課服務(wù),從而提高學(xué)生的興趣.
5.細節題. 由文章的倒數第一段可得出結論.
6.推理題. 從文章倒數第三段”這項殊榮對于Granite Falls鎮的居民來(lái)講意味著(zhù)許多,得知來(lái)自一個(gè)小鎮的人們竟然可以獲得國家級獎勵是令人興奮的.”可推出答案..
命題思路: 文章內容圍繞人物展開(kāi),題目也就文章重點(diǎn)設問(wèn),重點(diǎn)考查學(xué)生能否把握文章的主線(xiàn),圍繞教師這一人物把內容理順.
06 CBB
【語(yǔ)篇理解】本文簡(jiǎn)要介紹了著(zhù)名的黑人女作家Morrison在文學(xué)創(chuàng )作上取得的成就，著(zhù)重推介了她最新出版的新作----《 愛(ài) 》。
1. 本文主要介紹了Morrison和她的新作，故C項是最佳標題。其他三項都是片面的。
2. 第一段最后一句：自1962年以來(lái)Morrison是第一個(gè)且也是唯一一個(gè)在美國出生的諾貝爾文學(xué)獎的獲得者，而之后符合這個(gè)條件的是Steinbeck，他在1962年獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎。由此可確信Steinbeck也是在美國出生的作家。
3. 第二段的首句。multigenerational（多代人的）是關(guān)鍵詞。
4. 第三段詳細敘述了這一情況。
命題思路：本文為人物介紹類(lèi)的說(shuō)明文。
高考實(shí)戰演練 BCACC CACBC
21. 從上下文兩句之間的轉折關(guān)系和后面的“因為政治上的積極活躍而遭到驅逐“可以作出判斷。
22. 文中沒(méi)有提到對“足球明星“ 的任何評價(jià)，所以根據上下文的推斷應該是在他發(fā)動(dòng)政變參加競選之前是球星，因此用former.
23. 句中的rebuilding 和后面的by Civil War（內戰）可以確定這個(gè)國家是因為內戰而變得四分五裂，需要重建。
24. 這些事實(shí)是為了說(shuō)明前任總統在任職期間國家動(dòng)蕩不安，沖突不斷。
25. 和前任總統相比，Ms. Johnson 就任后應該著(zhù)力改變過(guò)去，用break 意味著(zhù)告別過(guò)去， 創(chuàng )造未來(lái)。
26. 從句中的主語(yǔ)many years of problems , 因此應該是這些問(wèn)題是一些不和諧、不協(xié)調繼續存在。
27. 一位總統的職責是要改善人們的生活，而不是去直接拯救人們的生命。
28. 呼應文中第一句，她是非洲歷史上第一位女總統，因此她的就職儀式是“歷史性的”。
29. Ms. Johnson 剛剛在總統選舉中取得勝利，信息詞可以是：new
30. “the Iron Lady”(鐵娘子)，喻義明顯“強硬，鐵腕”