Period 3-5 Intensive Reading
1. (P34, L2) pro-前綴，常與名詞和形容詞連用“親，支持，贊成”
e.g.: pro-Internet side支持因特網(wǎng)的一方
a pro-environment governor一位支持環(huán)保的州長(cháng)
pro-American親美pro-democracy贊成民主，推崇民主 pro-European支持歐洲的 pro-slavery贊成奴隸制的
2. (P34,L5)value n.價(jià)值
be of little /no / great/ much value = be (not) valuable沒(méi)有/很有價(jià)值的
e.g.: Your help has been of great value.
be good value for money貨真價(jià)實(shí)
put great value on sth認為某事十分有益
v. 給…估價(jià)；重視；珍視
value….as…重視/ 珍視….為….
value…for….因為…..而重視/ 珍惜
value sth at….估價(jià)為……
e.g.: He valued the house for me at $80000.
那所房子他給我估價(jià)80000美元。
My parents always value honesty as the most important.
我父母總是認為誠信是最重要的。
I have always valued your friendship.
拓展： valuable adj.有價(jià)值的 valueless adj.沒(méi)有價(jià)值的 'priceless adj.無(wú)價(jià)的 worthless adj.不值的
value sth. at. (money) v. 估價(jià)為
辨析: value，price，cost
value指內在價(jià)值 the value of American dollar美元的內在價(jià)值
price指商品的價(jià)值 at a high price以高價(jià)
cost指制作的成本 at all costs不惜一切代價(jià)
3. (P34,L7)in need of 需要，缺少
sth. be in great need某物急需
e.g.: He is in need of help.
Experienced workers are in great need.急需熟練工人。
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
in need貧困的，在貧困中
e.g.: We’ll contribute to students in need.我們向貧困學(xué)生捐款。
◆There is no need for sb. to do sth.
have no need of sth不需要某物
need作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，通常用法是：
人＋need ＋to do We need to tell him the truth.
物＋need ＋doing The flowers need watering.
物＋need ＋to be done The flowers need to be watered.
in want of, in honor of, in favor of, in memory of, in the hope of, in place of, in praise of, in exchange for
4. (P34, L9)turn to向某人(某事物)尋求幫助、指教
e.g.: They always turn to me when they are in trouble. (向某人尋求幫助)
It would have taken hours to work the sum out, so I turned to my electronic calculator. （查閱某書(shū)，求助于）
5. (P34, L12)sort n.種類(lèi),類(lèi)別 all sorts of 各種各樣的
e.g.: What sort of shampoo do you use?
this/ that kind/ sort of + n. 這種的，那種的
n. + of this/ that kind/ sort這種的，那種的
sort of=kind of有點(diǎn)；幾分
e.g.: I sort of like him, but I don’t know why.
----Were you disappointed?
----Well, yes, sort of. But it didn’t really matter.
v. 將……分類(lèi),整理
sort……into……把….分類(lèi)成…
sort out分類(lèi)，整理
e.g.: Sort these cards according to their colors.
把這些卡片按顏色分類(lèi)。
sort out from把……從……挑出來(lái)out of sorts身體不適
6. (P34, L14)skeptical/ skeptical 懷疑的
be skeptical of/ about sth對….不肯相信的，懷疑的
e.g.: I’m rather skeptical about their views.
我對他們的觀(guān)點(diǎn)持懷疑態(tài)度。
He remained skeptical of my decision.
他對我的決定仍然懷疑。
◆ doubt n.&v. 懷疑
have doubts about sth.對….懷疑
be doubtful about對….懷疑的
There is no doubt that…毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)….
7. (P34, L14)useless adj．無(wú)用的，無(wú)益的
be useless to sb．對某人沒(méi)用
It is useless for sb．to do sth.(人)做……是沒(méi)用的
It’s no use doing sth.
e.g.: All these books are useless to me.
It’s useless to talk with him.
7. (P34, L18) common adj. 共同的, 普通的, 通常的
e.g.: Rabbits and foxes are common in Britain．
兔子與狐貍在英國十分常見(jiàn)。
Britain and America share a common language.
英國和美國使用共同的語(yǔ)言。
common sense 常識 have sth. in common 有共通之處
in common with 和…一樣
Have you any common sense? 你有常識么?
I have nothing in common with my father.
我和我爸爸一點(diǎn)共通之處都沒(méi)有。
In common with many people, he prefers classical music to pop. 和許多人一樣，他喜愛(ài)古典音樂(lè )多過(guò)流行音樂(lè )。
比較：common，usual，regular與ordinary
common 普通的；常見(jiàn)的；共同的；共有的
usual通常的；習慣的；經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事，如自然發(fā)生的事、根據社會(huì )或個(gè)人習慣所做的事情
regular通常的；常例的；強調遵循事物既定的或自然規律
ordinary普通的；平凡的；強調普通；尋常以及缺乏優(yōu)越的性質(zhì)
8. (P34, Line 19)advance
○1 vt. & vi. 推進(jìn),進(jìn)展,提出
e.g.: China is advancing rapidly in industry.
中國在工業(yè)上發(fā)展很快。
We are advancing along the socialist road.
我們正沿著(zhù)社會(huì )主義道路前進(jìn)。
This will further advance the friendly relations between the two countries. 這將進(jìn)一步發(fā)展 (促進(jìn))兩國的友好關(guān)系。
The date of the meeting has been advanced from Friday to Wednesday. 會(huì )議日期已從星期五提前到星期三。
advance a new plan 提出新計劃
○2 n. “前進(jìn)”【U】； “進(jìn)展”、“進(jìn)步”【C】
make great advances (progress) 取得進(jìn)步
e.g.: They have made great advances.
Nothing could stop the advance of the soldiers.
什么也不能阻止士兵們的前進(jìn)。
○3in advance (事先，提前) 和 in advance of (在…前面)
e.g.: If you want to get the book, you must pay for it in advance. 如果你要買(mǎi)這本書(shū)，你得先付款
He walked in advance of his wife. 他走在他妻子的前面.
○4 其過(guò)去分詞 advanced可用作形容詞，意為“高級的”、“高級的”、“程度高的”、“年老的”等。主要用作定語(yǔ)（偶爾用作表語(yǔ))：
advanced ideas (experience, deeds, workers, elements)先進(jìn)思想 (經(jīng)驗，事跡，工人，分子)
Some of our products have reached advanced world levels. 我們有的產(chǎn)品已達到了世界先進(jìn)水平。
9. (P34, Line23)build social ties建立社會(huì )聯(lián)系
tie n. 繩子；領(lǐng)帶; 聯(lián)系,紐帶; 束縛人的東西; 平局, 不分勝負 (均為可數)
We have established trade ties with these regions.我們和這些地區建立了貿易關(guān)系。
He was wearing a black tie. (領(lǐng)帶)
There are many ties of friendship between the two countries.
Mothers often find their small children a tie.
The result of the competition was a tie.
tie vt ○1綁,系
tie to 把…栓在 tie sth with sth用…捆….
He tied his horse to the tree. 他把馬栓在樹(shù)上.
The package had been tied with strong green string.那包東西是用結實(shí)的綠色繩子捆起來(lái)的。
tie sb’s shoelaces/ tie a knot/bow系鞋帶/打蝴蝶結
○2把…..聯(lián)系在一起 vt be tied to聯(lián)系在一起，依附于
10. (P34, L24)rather than的用法：可接各種語(yǔ)法結構，但一定要注意rather than前后的結構要一致
1) 接名詞
He is a writer rather than a teacher．
John, rather than his roommates, is to blame.
The job will take months rather than weeks.
2) 接代詞
You, rather than she, are my guest.
We are to blame rather than they.
It ought to be you rather than me that sign the letter.
3) 接形容詞
The color seems green rather than blue.
It was made shorter rather than longer.
4) 接副詞
The ship sank quickly rather than slowly.
He usually gets up early rather than late.
5) 接動(dòng)詞
He loves her rather than likes her.
She left rather than stayed at home.
Rather than cause trouble, he went away.
Rather than have the radio repaired, he’d like to buy a new one.
6) 接介詞短語(yǔ)
I'd prefer to read in the library rather than at home.
I'd prefer to do it in this way rather than in that way.
He went to the park in the evening rather than in the morning.
7) 接動(dòng)詞＋ing
She likes dancing rather than singing.
Rather than regretting for the failure, why not try again?
It is snowing rather than raining outside.
She is laughing rather than crying.
8) 接過(guò)去分詞
He had the house rebuilt rather than repaired.
9) 接句子
We should help him rather than he should help us.
It was what he meant rather than what he said.
e.g.: It is what you do rather than what you say___ matters.
A. that B. what C. which D. this
11. (P34, L26)moreover adv.而且，此外，常用作插入語(yǔ)，表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系
e.g.: They knew the painting was a forgery. Moreover, they knew who had bought it.他們知道那幅畫(huà)是贗品，而且知道是誰(shuí)買(mǎi)下的。
同義詞： besides, in addition, what’s more, furthermore
e.g.: I’ve heard it’s not a very good movie. Besides, I’d rather stay home.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)這不是很好看的電影。再說(shuō)，我寧愿待在家里。
12. (P34, L28) chance
○1 “機會(huì )”【C】
……chance to do / of doing sth做某事的機會(huì )
e.g.: I had the chance of visiting Beijing.
I have no chance to see him.
It is a good chance to study/of studying English. 這是學(xué)習英語(yǔ)的好機會(huì )。
○2“希望”、“可能性”【C】&【U】
……chance of (doing) sth / that……做某事的可能性
He has a good chance (no chance, not much chance) of winning. 他很有希望(沒(méi)有希望，沒(méi)多大希望)獲勝。
There is still chance that you will pass the exam. 你考試及格還是有希望的。
【注】在現代英語(yǔ)中，chance 表示“可能性”時(shí)，其后有時(shí)也可接不定式，但不如用 of doing sth 普通。
○3chance to do = happen to do碰巧做….
○4It (so) chanced / happened that….
○5by chance 偶然 by any chance萬(wàn)一
take a chance/ take chances 冒險, 碰運氣
leave things to chance 聽(tīng)天由命, 聽(tīng)其自然
chance it [口]冒險一試, 碰運氣
13. (P34，L29)remain
○1 vi. 剩余，還有
e.g.: A few apples remained on the table.
This visit will always remain in my memory．
這次拜訪(fǎng)將永遠留在我的記憶之中。
○2 vi. 繼續呆在某處，繼續存在，留下(特指在他人走后留下)
e.g.: They went，but I remained．他們走了，但我留了下來(lái)。
I shall remain here all the winter．整個(gè)冬天我將留在這里。
What will you do with the money left?
=What will you do with the remaining money?
○3 “尚待”、“留待”，后面接被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不定式
It remains to be seen…還要看情況發(fā)展
e.g.: The fact remained to be proved. 事實(shí)尚待證明。
One problem remains to be solved．有一個(gè)問(wèn)題尚待解決。
That remains to be proved．那尚待證實(shí)。
Much remains to be done. 還有很多事要做。
◆ link-v. + 名詞，分詞，形容詞，介詞短語(yǔ)
“繼續保持，仍然處于某種狀態(tài)”
○1+ adj. / n.
e.g.: Language was，is and will remain the chief means of exchange of ideas．語(yǔ)言，過(guò)去、現在和將來(lái)依然是交流思想的主要工具。
In spite of their quarrel，they remained the best friends．他們盡管吵過(guò)架，卻仍不失為最好的朋友
She remained calm.她保持鎮靜。
○2 + doing現在分詞和邏輯主語(yǔ)之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系
+done過(guò)去分詞和邏輯主語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系
e.g.: The question remained unsolved.這個(gè)問(wèn)題仍然沒(méi)有解決。
Her beauty remained unchanged.她美麗依舊。
She remained standing for a good hour.
她一直站了整整一個(gè)鐘頭。
She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down．雖然我們三番五次地請她坐下，她還是站著(zhù)。
○3 + 介詞短語(yǔ)
e.g.: She remained under the care of Miss Janey.
她仍然由Janey小姐照料。
People here remain in deep poverty.
這兒的人們仍處于極度貧困之中。
14. (P35, Line34) address v. 寫(xiě)地址，對…做演講，稱(chēng)呼
e.g.: He will address us on the subject of war and peace.
He addressed her as “Miss Martine”.
Address your application to the Personnel Manager.
address oneself to sth./doing sth.著(zhù)手做某事
We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution.
address sb. as 稱(chēng)呼某人為…
◆ The judge should be addressed as 'Your Honour'.
◆ In Britain, a surgeon is addressed as 'Mr' not 'Dr'.
~ sth to sb (formal) to say sth directly to sb:
◆ Any questions should be addressed to your teacher.
◆ The book is addressed to the general reader.
an inaugural address (就職演說(shuō))
a graduation address (畢業(yè)演說(shuō))
a public address on foreign policy (涉外政策的公眾演說(shuō))
15. (P35, L35) occur (occurred, occurred)vi 發(fā)生；存在；想起；被想到出現在頭腦中常與to連用
(especially of accidents and other unexpected events) to happen:
sth. occur to sb. = sth. come to sb. ……突然被想到
it occurs to somebody (that) = it occurs to somebody to do something 剛想到，突然想到
經(jīng)常用于以it作形式主語(yǔ)的句中, 真正的主語(yǔ)可以是從句, 也可以是不定式。
It occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child.
It didn’t occur to me that you would object.
It didn’t occur to me to mention it.
Didn’t it occur to you to close the windows?
16.(P35,L37)advantage n. 優(yōu)勢,有利條件
Richard has an advantage over you since he can speak German.
They took full advantage of the hotel's facilities.
There is little advantage in buying a dictionary if you can't read.不識字買(mǎi)字典沒(méi)什么用
拓展：to one’s advantage/disadvantage對……有利/ 不利
take advantage of利用=use/make use of
be at an advantage處于優(yōu)勢地位
have/gain/ win an advantage over優(yōu)于，對…有優(yōu)勢
have the advantage of 有…. （方面的）好處
充分利用：take full advantage of, make full use of, make the best/ most of
17. (P35, L42) if & whether
○1if只引導賓語(yǔ)從句,但作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)一般用whether， 而whether可引導主語(yǔ) 、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句
e.g.: I don’t know if / whether it will rain today.
It all depends on whether they will come back.
Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
The question is whether they have so much money.
○2作形容詞的后續從句用whether
○3后接不定式用whether
e.g.: I haven’t decided whether to go or not.
○4后接or not用whether
e.g.: I don’t know whether or not he has arrived in Wuhan.
18. (P35, L44) lie
lie-lied-lied-lying 說(shuō)謊，欺騙a white lie 善意的謊言
lie-lay-lain-lying 躺下，位于
lie in 在于，睡懶覺(jué) lie on：依靠，全憑
lie down 稍事休息，小睡
lay-laid-laid-laying放置，下蛋，產(chǎn)卵
lay aside存，積蓄 lay down放下，交出；規定，主張，制定lay out設計，布置 lay up積蓄 lay stress/ emphasis on強調 lay a /the foundation of/ for為….奠定基礎 a laid-off worker下崗工人
19. (P35, L48) such as & for example
such as列舉同類(lèi)人或物中的幾個(gè)例子，總放例舉之前。
使用such as舉例，只能列舉其中的一部分，不能全部舉出。
for example列舉同類(lèi)人或物中的“一個(gè)”例子，作插入語(yǔ)，用逗號隔開(kāi)，可置于句首，句中，句末。
namely全部列舉
e.g.: Heros, such as LeiFeng, Liu Hulan and Huang Jiguang are good examples for us to learn.
Things such as cotton, paper, clothes are easy to catch fire.
He knows four languages, namely Chinese, English, Japanese and French.