課 題 初高中英語(yǔ)銜接1 ：句子的基本成分和結構 課 時(shí) 1
課 型 新授課 主備人 鐘義銘
教學(xué)目標 1
2.
教學(xué)重點(diǎn)
教學(xué)難點(diǎn)
課前準備
教學(xué)日期 教學(xué)班級
教 學(xué) 過(guò) 程 復備
句子是寫(xiě)作的基本單位，只有寫(xiě)好句子才有可能寫(xiě)好文章。英語(yǔ)的句子成分有八種：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)。學(xué)會(huì )判斷句子成分對以后學(xué)習難句奠定了基礎。英語(yǔ)句子的構成也有其特定的規律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常見(jiàn)句式和詞語(yǔ)的習慣搭配，就能寫(xiě)出完整、正確的句子。
一、 英語(yǔ)的句子成分：
一） 主語(yǔ)：
Walls have ears. ( )
He will take you to the hospital. （ ）
Three plus four equals seven. （ ）
To see is to believe. （ ）
Smoking is not allowed in public places. （ ）
Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. （ ）
二）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由_____________擔任。助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加其他動(dòng)詞的適當形式也構成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
Action speaks louder than words.
The chance may never come again.
Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.
三）表語(yǔ) 它的位置在__________之后。是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的________,_______, ________的.
My father is a professor. ( )
Who's that? It's me. ( )
Everything here is expensive. ( )
The match became very exciting.( )
The story of my life may be of help to others.( )
Three times five is fifteen. ( )
His plan is to seek work in the city. ( )
My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( )
（四）賓語(yǔ) 表示動(dòng)作的對象，是動(dòng)作的承受者。賓語(yǔ)一般放在___________之后。_____詞后也會(huì )跟賓語(yǔ)。
She covered her face with her hands.( )
We haven't seen her for a long time. ( )
Do you mind opening the window? ( )
Give me four please. ( )
He wants to dream a nice dream. ( )
We need to know what others are doing. ( )
We should care more about our friends. ( )
（五）定語(yǔ) 是修飾___詞.單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的名詞之_____；短語(yǔ)和從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在它所修飾的名詞之_____。
They are woman workers. （ ）
Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. （ ）
Mary is a beautiful girl.. （ ）
The play has three acts. ( )
This is her first trip to Europe. ( )
China is a developing country. ( )
I have nothing to eat. ( )
Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. ( )
六）狀語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結果、條件、伴隨情況等。
The best fish swim near the bottom. ( )
I left the village five years ago. ( )
I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( )
We'll send a car to fetch you. ( )
The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( )
The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( )
If he goes, so will I . ( )
Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( )
七）賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)
英語(yǔ)有些及物動(dòng)詞，除了要有賓語(yǔ)之外，還要加上賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完整。賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)一起構成___________。
They elected me captain of the team. ( )
We try to make our country strong. ( )
We found everything in good order there. ( )
I should advise you to get the chance. ( )
I saw him going upstairs. ( )
八）主語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ) 如果上述結構變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，原賓語(yǔ)成為主語(yǔ)，原賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)相應地變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)
I was elected captain of the team.
Our country will be made strong.
二、簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型
1．主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ)
1）Our city is at the crossing of some important railways.
主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)
2）The city will become rich.
主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)
在這類(lèi)結構中最常用的系動(dòng)詞是：
“變化”類(lèi)：______________________________________________.
“感官”類(lèi): ______________________________________________.
“持續”類(lèi)：___________________________________________.
其他：（似乎）________ _______ (證明是)_________
你的故事聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有趣。____________________________________.
把魚(yú)放在冰箱里，否則它會(huì )變壞的。
___________________________________________________________.
這種炎熱的天氣將會(huì )保持幾天。
_____________________________________________________________.
這個(gè)計劃證明是可行的。
________________________________________________________.
2．主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)
1）Building has started.
主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)
2）The train leaves at 7:40.
主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)
______搭配：The teacher teaches well.
The child walks very slowly.
_____搭配：The girl looked at the picture.
The children ran to the forest.
我每天起的很早，走到小花園，坐在凳子上。小鳥(niǎo)在樹(shù)上歡快的歌唱，魚(yú)兒在池塘里自由的嬉戲，我玩得也高興.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________.
3．主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)
1）The boss employed five more workers.
主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)
2）My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.
3）Few students like taking exams.
4）He forgot to close the door.
5）I hope I can speak English fluently.
他因為車(chē)子開(kāi)得太快而違反了交通規則。
_______________________________________________________________.
他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快將其喝光。
_______________________________________________________________.
他許諾給我一個(gè)禮物。
______________________________________________________________.
4．主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)
1）He has fetched us some new textbooks.
主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)
2）Grandma cooked us a nice meal.
主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)
3）The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject.
4）The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.
可接雙賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：ask, answer, give, offer, send, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, promise
1.順便問(wèn)一下，她把錢(qián)付給你了嗎？
______________________________________________________.
2.下學(xué)期誰(shuí)教你們生物？
_______________________________________________________.
3.Mr. White告訴我為什么他要出國。
_________________________________________________________.
5．主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)
1）The villagers didn’t allow them to do this.
主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)
2）I will keep the box in the shade.
3）We found him a very good pupil.
4）She let me stay in the company.
5）We kept the room clean.
6）We heard the girl singing the song.
7）He gad his hair cut short.
該句型中的“賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)”又叫做“__________”
他總是把他的臥室收拾得干干凈凈。
_______________________________________________________.
我建議他多讀點(diǎn)書(shū)。
________________________________________________________.
他修了機器。
___________________________________________.
我們選他當班長(cháng)。
___________________________________________________.
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