1.分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)應該是句子的主語(yǔ)。

Eg.) Examining the patient, the doctor wrote down something on paper.

Hit by the arrow, he fell from the horse.

應避免寫(xiě)分詞邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子主語(yǔ)不一致的句子。如:

Walking along the road, an accident happened. (×)

Listening to the radio, there was a knock at the door. (×)

Walking along the road, I saw an accident. (√)

Listening to the radio, I heard a knock at the door. (√)

2.但獨立主格結構的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不是同一個(gè)人或事。

獨立主格結構－－名詞普通格或代詞主格+其它成分（形，副，介短，分詞和不定式）（它們之間存在著(zhù)邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系）

獨立主格在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件和方式、伴隨。主要用于書(shū)面語(yǔ),表示描述.

eg.) 1.今天是星期天，你不必去上學(xué)。

A) 用原因從句表達：

Because it is Sunday, you needn't go to school.

B) 用分詞獨立結構表達：

It being Sunday, you needn't go to school.

但不能寫(xiě)成：Being Sunday, you needn't go to school.

(因分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)，所以句子錯誤。)

2.官員們都到齊了，宣布開(kāi)會(huì )。

A) 用分詞獨立結構表達：

All the officials having arrived, the meeting was declared open.

B) 用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表達：

After (when) all the officials had arrived, the meeting was declared open.

3. 天氣允許的話(huà)，我們去頤和園。

A) 用分詞獨立結構表達：

Weather permitting ,we'll go to the Summer Palace.

B) 用條件狀語(yǔ)從句表達：

If weather permits , we'll go to the Summer Palace.

4.所有的工作都完成了，你們可以休息了。

All the work done, you can have a rest.

=All the work is done and you can have a rest.

5.他看著(zhù)這情景，張大著(zhù)嘴。

He watched the scene, his mouth ( being ) wide open.

6. 會(huì )議結束后,他們都回家了。

The meeting (being) over, they all went home. (邏輯謂語(yǔ)是adj./adv 時(shí),前面省略being)

有時(shí),獨立主格結構可以由with引出:

eg.) The child trembled, with hands red with cold.

The park is beautiful with all the trees putting on a tender green. 樹(shù)葉都綠了，使得公園很漂亮。

The road is beautiful, with trees and flowers growing well here and there.

有時(shí), 這種結構中的冠詞或物主代詞可省去,稱(chēng)為泛指結構,反之,稱(chēng)為特指結構.

Eg.)He came out, umbrella in hand.

=He came out, with an umbrella in his hand.

The guards stood at attention, guns on shoulders.

= The guards stood at attention, with guns on their shoulders.

3.分詞固定短語(yǔ)：（有時(shí)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人態(tài)度的分詞結構已成為固定短語(yǔ)，不遵循其邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子主語(yǔ)一致的原則）。

eg.)1.Judging from her accent, she must be an American.

2.Genarally speaking, the living costs are relatively higher in cities.

3.Talking of the world resources , they are very limited.

4.No wonder he was taken ill, considering that he had been overworking for years.

5.Taking as a whole, the experiment was a success.