狀語(yǔ)從句
狀語(yǔ)從句不僅是初中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習的重點(diǎn),而且也是每年中考必考的內容之一。從筆者研讀歷年全國各地中考英語(yǔ)試題對狀語(yǔ)從句的考查內容來(lái)看,命題主要集中在引導狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞、狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)等方面;從九大狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)看,同學(xué)們應將復習重點(diǎn)放在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、結果狀語(yǔ)從句和比較狀語(yǔ)從句這四種上。
核心知識
一、對時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的考查
1.要點(diǎn):
1)引導時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有:while, when,as,as soon as,until,not...until,before, after,since,etc.要掌握每個(gè)連詞的含義及其用法,還有它們之間的一些區別。
2)when,while,as的區別:
①三者均可表示“當……的時(shí)候”,如果主句表示的是短暫的動(dòng)作,而從句表示的是一段時(shí)間,三者可通用。如:
I met Kang Li as/when/while I was walking along the street.當我沿街散步時(shí)碰見(jiàn)了康麗。
②as和when都可與終止性動(dòng)詞連用, while只能與延續性動(dòng)詞連用。如:
It was snowing when we got to the airport.當我們到達機場(chǎng)時(shí),天正下著(zhù)雪。(不能用 while)
③as強調主句與從句表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生;while強調主句表示的動(dòng)作持續于while所指的整個(gè)時(shí)間內;when可指主、從句所述動(dòng)作同時(shí)或先后發(fā)生。如:
He sang as he went along.他邊走邊唱。
Please write while I read.我讀的時(shí)候,請寫(xiě)下來(lái)。
When he reached home,he had a little rest.回到家后,他休息了一會(huì )兒。
3)until和till在肯定句中表示“直到……為止”,主句要用延續性動(dòng)詞;在否定句中,表示“直到……才”,主句常用終止性動(dòng)詞,這時(shí)till和until可用before替換。如:
I waited till/until he arrived.我一直等到他到來(lái)。
We won't start until/till/before Bob comes.鮑勃到來(lái)之前,我們不會(huì )動(dòng)身。
4)since從句中常用過(guò)去時(shí),主句用一般現在時(shí)或現在完成時(shí);如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形或祈使句時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現在時(shí)。如:
Where have you been since I saw you last?上次我和你見(jiàn)面之后,你到哪里去了?
I'll phone you as soon as I arrive in Tonghua.我一到通化就給你打電話(huà)。
2.考例:(所有考例取自2001、2002年全國各省市中考英語(yǔ)試題)
1)我一到美國就給你打電話(huà)。(北京市海淀區)
I'll ring you up ______ soon ______ I get to America.
2)昨天直到雨停了,孩子們才離開(kāi)學(xué)校。(同上)
The children ______ leave school ______ the rain stopped yesterday.
3)It ______ ten years since they ______ to France.(河北)
A.a(chǎn)s;covered
B.was;have moved
C.is;have moved
D.is;moved
4)He ______ wait until the rain ______ .(南京市)
A.won't;will stop
B.won't;stop
C.will;stops
D.will;will stop
二、對條件狀語(yǔ)從句的考查
1.要點(diǎn):引導條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有if(如果)、unless(除非)等,unless在意義上相當于if...not。條件狀語(yǔ)從句也像時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句一樣,如果主句用將來(lái)時(shí),從句要用現在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。如:
You will fail unless you study hard.(=You will fail if you don't study hard.)除非你努力學(xué)習,否則你會(huì )失敗。
2.考例:
1)He will go to the Great Wall if it ______ tomorrow.(北京市宣武區)
A.won't rain
B.doesn't rain
C.don't rain
D.isn't raining
2) ______ you eat old food,you may be ill.(湖南)
A.Before
B.Why
C.If
D.Which
三、對比較狀語(yǔ)從句的考查
1.要點(diǎn):引導比較狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有as...a(chǎn)s,than。
1)表示甲與乙在某一方面相同時(shí),用“as+原級+as”句型;表示甲在某一方面不如乙時(shí),用“not as /so +原級+as”句型。如:
Dalian is as beautiful as Shenzhen.大連和深圳一樣的美。
I don't run as/so fast as Kang Li.我不如康麗跑得快。
2)表示甲超過(guò)或不及乙時(shí),用“比較級+從句”(從句中常省略意義與主句相同的部分)。如:
He runs faster than you(do).他跑得比你快。
Today is less cold than yesterday.今天沒(méi)有昨天冷。
2.考例:
1)Jack runs as ______ as Tom.(北京市宣武區)
A.fast
B.faster
C.fastest
D.much faster
2)30,000dollars is a large amount of money,but it's ______ than we need.(上海市)
A.for more
B.very much
C.far less
D.very little
四、對結果狀語(yǔ)從句的考查
1.要點(diǎn):引導結果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有so...that(如此……以致于),such...that(如此……以致于)等。常用句型:
so+形容詞/副詞+that從句
such a/an +形容詞+單數可數名詞+ that從句
such+形容詞+復數可數名詞/不可數名詞+that從句
so+形容詞+a/an+單數可數名詞+that從句
He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow him.他講得太快,我跟不上。
He told us such funny stories that we all laughed.
他給我們講了那么多有趣的故事,我們全都哈哈大笑。
2.考例:
1)這山太高,我們很難到達山頂。(四川)
This mountain is ______ ______ that we can ______ ______ the top.
2)Miss Gao asked a question,but it was ______ that nobody could answer it.
A.very difficult
B.too difficult
C.difficult enough
D.so difficult
五、對其它狀語(yǔ)從句的考查
還有五種狀語(yǔ)從句:地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句、方式狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
1.要點(diǎn):
1)掌握常用的引導詞:
① 引導地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的有:where(在哪里),wherever(無(wú)論何地),etc.如:
Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者,事競成。
Wherever you go,I go too.無(wú)論你去哪里,我都去。
②引導原因狀語(yǔ)從句的有because,as, since(因為),etc。because;卮饂hy引導的疑問(wèn)句,該從句一般位于主句后;since比as正式,兩者不回答why引導的問(wèn)句,而且其從句一般放在句首。如:
-Why can't I go?為什么我不能去?
-Because you're too young.因為你年紀太小了。
As(Since)you are not feeling well,you'd better stay at home.
既然你不太舒服,還是留在家里的好。
③引導目的狀語(yǔ)從句的有so that(以便)等。如:
I packed him a little food so that he wouldn't be hungry.
我給他包了一點(diǎn)食物,讓他不致挨餓。
④引導方式狀語(yǔ)從句的有as(按照)等。如:
I will do it as you tell me.我將照你說(shuō)的做。
⑤引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的有though/although(雖然),even though(盡管),whoever/ no matter who(無(wú)論誰(shuí)),however/no matter how(無(wú)論怎樣),whatever/no matter what(無(wú)論什么)等。如:
Though it's hard work,I enjoy it.盡管這工作很辛苦,我還是很喜歡。
No matter how hard the work was,he never gave it up.不管工作多么艱難,他都從不放棄。
2)because不能與并列連詞so,though /although不能與but同時(shí)在句中使用。如:
She was late for school because she missed the bus.
{
She missed the bus,so she was late for school.
It's not cheap,but it's very good.
{
Though it's not cheap,it's very good.
2.考例:
1)I can't understand this passage _____ there are no new words in it.(安徽)
A.if
B.because
C.though
D.a(chǎn)nd
2)“Why did Li Lei use a pencil?”“ _____ his pen was broken.”(福州市)
A.Because
B.When
C.Until
D.If
六、對狀語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句的混合考查
【考點(diǎn)1】區分when,if引導賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的不同:when引導時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句意為“當……時(shí)候”,引導賓語(yǔ)從句意為“什么時(shí)候”;if引導條件狀語(yǔ)從句意為“如果”,引導賓語(yǔ)從句意為“是否”。如:
1.-Mike wants to know if _____ a picnic tomorrow.
-Yes.But if it _____ ,we'll visit the museum instead.(河北)
A.you have;will rain
B.you will have;will rain
C.you will have;rains
D.will you have;rains
2.-Do you know when he _____ back tomorrow?
-Sorry,I don't.When he _____ back, I'll tell you.(安徽)
A.comes;comes
B.comes;will come
C.will come;comes
D.will come;will come
【考點(diǎn)2】狀語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句和簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句的同義轉換。如:
1.A:He is too young to go to school.
B:He is _____ young _____ he can't go to school.(四川)
2.A:Tom is the tallest in his class.
B:Tom is _____ _____ any other student in his class.(四川)
3.A:The box is so light _____ that the boy can carry it.
B:The box is light for the boy to carry.(南京)
4.A:Put on your coat,or you'll catch a cold.
B: _____ you _____ put on your coat, you'll catch a cold.(上海)
典型例題
Key:
狀語(yǔ)從句的復習重點(diǎn)及中考熱點(diǎn)透視
一、2.1)as;as 2)didn't;until/till/before 3)D 4)C
二、2.1)B2)C
三、2.1)A2)C
四、2.1)so high;not reach 2)D
五、2.1)C 2)A
六、【考點(diǎn)1】1.C 2.C【考點(diǎn)2】1.so;that 2.taller than 3.enough 4.If;don't