英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（含系動(dòng)詞）和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（分詞、不定式及動(dòng)名詞）兩類(lèi)。動(dòng)詞既以謂語(yǔ)的功能出現，它就具有了形式上的多種變化；時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)及主謂數的統一等等。有關(guān)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的命題焦點(diǎn)主要集中在（1）區分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（詳見(jiàn)本書(shū)要點(diǎn)之1）、（2）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的正確詞形，（3）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的正確詞形、（4）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)、（5）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)數的一致。

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞�？碱}型及解題要點(diǎn)

1.區分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式

　　[例1] The“ ashcan” school in American art being a rebellion against traditional subjects and favored the painting of back-street scenes.

　　[答案] 分詞being改為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)was。

　　[例2] Stalagmites are produced when water to drop directly to the floor of a cave.

　　[答案] 不定詞to drop 改為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數第三人稱(chēng)形式drops.

2. 不規則動(dòng)詞變化形式

　　解題要點(diǎn) 不規則動(dòng)詞很多，但TOEEL試題涉及到的卻是極小量的一些，下面是較常見(jiàn)的一些不規則變化的動(dòng)詞：

　　begin - began - begun break - broke - broken

　　bind - broke - broken blow - bound - bound

　　build- blew - blown build - built - built

　　choose - chose - chosen deal - dealt - dealt

　　find - found - found grow - grew- grown

　　hold- hold - held know - knew- known

　　leave - left - left sell - sold - sold

　　stand - stood - stood steal - struck - stole

　　win - won - won white- wrote written

例題分析

　　(1) Soil science begun with the formulation of the theory of humus in 1809. (89.10)

　　[答案] 過(guò)去分詞begun改過(guò)一般過(guò)去時(shí)形式began。

　　(2) The tradition of an all-male Supreme Court was broke in the 1980*s when Sandra Day O*Connor was appointed to the Supreme Court.

　　[答案] break 的過(guò)去分詞是broken。

　　(3) A citadel, a fortress designed for the defense of a city, usually standed on top of a hill.

　　[答案] standed是錯誤形式，應改為stood。 　

　　3. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　解題要點(diǎn) 動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是常見(jiàn)的題型。它通常需要根據句意來(lái)判斷。介詞by是一個(gè)明顯的提示。

　例題分析

　　(1) People have always fascinated by the parrot*s colovfal feathers and its ability to mimic human speck

　　[答案] 關(guān)鍵詞by表示動(dòng)詞應用被動(dòng)形式，即always been fascinated。

　　(2) Porgy and Bess by George Gershwin has called the first truly successful North American opera.(93.10)

　　[答案] 根據句意，此句應用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即has been called.

　　(3) Tariffs are the taxes or customs duties levied against goods that are import from another country (93.10)

　　[答案] 正確的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應用過(guò)去分詞，即imported。

　　(4) Almost destroy by fire in 1814. The White House was rebuilt and enlarged over the next three years.

　　[答案] 關(guān)鍵詞by表明前面的動(dòng)詞應用被動(dòng)的形式，即Almost destroyed。

　　(5) The unit of measurement known as a *foot* has originally based on the average size of the human foot

　　[答案] 根據句意，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應用被動(dòng)的形式，因而has 應改為was，而且“be based on’是固定的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。

4. 根據特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)使用正確的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)

　　解題要點(diǎn) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)和完成式是�？嫉膬蓚�(gè)有關(guān)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的命題。請特別注意相關(guān)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如阿拉伯數字表示的年代，介詞since和for＋一段時(shí)間等等。

例題分析

　　(1) Considered one of America*s greatest playwrights, Eugene O*Neill win the Nobel Prize of literature in 1936.

　　[答案] 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in 1936表明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應用一般過(guò)去時(shí)won。

　　(2) Since the turn of the century,the number of Native Americans living in Canada is increased.

　　[答案] 句首介詞sina 要求用完成式，故is increased 改為has increased。

　　(3) The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century.

　　[答案] 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the nineteenth century要求謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)was。

　　(4) For centuries large communities of people have living on houseboats in parts of the world where the climate is warm and the waters are calm.

　[答案] 句首介詞短詞For centuries 表明此句應用完成式，而have living是錯誤的形式，應改為have been living。

5. 復合句或并列句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)應前后統一

例題分析

　　(1) Before the plains were settled prairie dog towns in many places stretch as far as the eye could see. (93.5)

　　[答案] 這是個(gè)含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復合句。從句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)(were settled)主句亦應用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故stretch應改為stretched。

　　(2) The poet Marianne was initially associated with the imagist movement. But later develops her own rhyme patterns and verse forms.

　　[答案] 并列句（由but相聯(lián)）前后兩個(gè)句子的時(shí)態(tài)一般要求一致。Develops 應改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)developed。

　　(3) Coal and petroleum resulted when plants become buried in swamps and decayed.

　　[答案] 主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)(resulted)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句亦應用相同的時(shí)態(tài)，即became

6. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應與主語(yǔ)的單復數保持一致

　　解題要點(diǎn)這類(lèi)試題的難點(diǎn)是當主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)相隔遙遠時(shí)，如主語(yǔ)帶一冗長(cháng)的定語(yǔ)后置謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數常會(huì )出現錯誤的形式，

例題分析

　　(1) Contemporary management practice have been influenced by investigations in the behavioral sciences. (93.10)

　　[答案] 主語(yǔ)是單數的practice，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應改為has been。

　　(2) Even in an age of experimentation and departures from convention, the sonata form remain among the most vital means of musical expression.

　　[答案] 單數主語(yǔ)sonata form要求用單數第三人稱(chēng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞remains。

　　(3) The ability to retain a mental record of earlier experiences are referred to as “memory”.

　　[答案] 由于主語(yǔ)The ability 后面帶有一冗長(cháng)的定語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)錯誤地使用了復數形式，應改為is referred。這類(lèi)題型是有關(guān)主謂數的命題中最難的形式，當主語(yǔ)后面接有一個(gè)很長(cháng)的定語(yǔ)而使主謂分隔開(kāi)來(lái)時(shí)，應特別留意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數是否與主語(yǔ)一致。這類(lèi)題的陷井是定語(yǔ)部分靠近謂語(yǔ)的那個(gè)名詞的數恰恰與主語(yǔ)的數相反，極易誤導謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數的形式。

　　(4) Its tremendous output of dairy products have earned the state of Wisconsin the title of America*s Dairyland.

　　[答案] 主語(yǔ)是單數形式的output，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應改為has。介詞短語(yǔ)of dairy products 作主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。

　　(5) Ensuring an adequate water supply have been a concern ever since people began to live in towns and cities .

　　[答案] 主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)Ensuring an adequate water supply動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)要求單數謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。