1. wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句
表示現在不能實(shí)現的愿望,從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式;表示過(guò)去未能實(shí)現的愿望,從句的謂語(yǔ)用had + 過(guò)去分詞;表示將來(lái)不太可能實(shí)現的愿望,從句的謂語(yǔ)用would + 動(dòng)詞原形。如:
I wish I knew the answer to the question.
我真希望知道這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。
(事實(shí)上不知道)
I wish I had not wasted so much time.
我真希望沒(méi)有浪費這么多時(shí)間�！ �
(事實(shí)是已經(jīng)浪費了)
I wish you would go with us tomorrow.
但愿你明天跟我們一起去。
(你去的可能性不大)
2. as if 或as though引導的表語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句
表示與現在事實(shí)相反,從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式;表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,用had +過(guò)去分詞;表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反,用would + 動(dòng)詞原形。如:
She looks as if she were sick.
她看起來(lái)像病了似的�！ �(其實(shí)沒(méi)病)
He looks as if nothing had happened to him.
他看上去好像什么事都沒(méi)發(fā)生似的。
(事實(shí)是出問(wèn)題了)
He talks about the book as if he had written it.
他說(shuō)起那本書(shū)來(lái)就好像是他寫(xiě)的。
(書(shū)不是他寫(xiě)的)
如果as if / as though引導的從句所表述的內容與事實(shí)相符,應用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如:
It looks as if our team is going to win.
看來(lái)我們隊要贏(yíng)了。
(場(chǎng)上情況表明有可能)
3. if only后的句子
表示現在沒(méi)有實(shí)現的愿望,動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式;表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現的愿望,動(dòng)詞用had+過(guò)去分詞；表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反的假設,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用would+動(dòng)詞原形，could+動(dòng)詞原形或虛擬語(yǔ)氣過(guò)去時(shí),常譯為“要是……就好了”。如:
If only I could learn English well in one day.
要是能在一天內把英語(yǔ)學(xué)好就好了。
(事實(shí)上做不到)
If only I had not been late for the interview.
要是我面試沒(méi)遲到就好了。(事實(shí)上遲了)
If only Simon would reply to my letter.
要是西蒙能給我回信就好了。
(事實(shí)上不會(huì )回信)
4. would rather后的從句
表示現在的愿望,動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式;表示過(guò)去的愿望,動(dòng)詞用had + 過(guò)去分詞。
I would rather she were not present.
我寧可她不在場(chǎng)。 (事實(shí)是她在場(chǎng))
I would rather he had told me the truth.
我寧可他告訴我事實(shí)真相�！ �
(事實(shí)是他沒(méi)告訴我事實(shí)真相)
5. It is (about / high) time后的定語(yǔ)從句
表示該做某事而沒(méi)做,從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式。
It is time that we went home.
我們該回家了。(實(shí)際沒(méi)走)
It is high time that you went to bed.
你早該睡覺(jué)了。
6. advise， suggest， order， require， command， demand， desire， propose， insist， request等后的賓語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should常被省略。
He proposes that we(should) discuss the problem further.
他建議我們進(jìn)一步討論那個(gè)問(wèn)題。