英語(yǔ)
縱觀(guān)我國各省市的中考作文題,目前來(lái)說(shuō)還處于作文的初級階段,也就是我們常說(shuō)的描紅和模擬階段。這是由于我們英語(yǔ)詞匯量有限,所接觸的英語(yǔ)真正流通量太小,還不能自由發(fā)揮地用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行真正的寫(xiě)作。因此,中考書(shū)面表達題常以提示性作文為主,下面就具體說(shuō)說(shuō)這類(lèi)作文的寫(xiě)法。
1.牢固扎實(shí)地掌握英語(yǔ)各項基礎知識并靈活運用(大到句法、詞法,小到大小寫(xiě)、標點(diǎn)符號的使用,遣詞造句、連句成文等)。
2.觀(guān)察理解試題要求的提示內容,獨立思考,組織信息材料,安排短語(yǔ)結構,決定先后順序,確定表達方法。
3.會(huì )使用英語(yǔ)中的連詞,如and,but,so,等,使短文銜接自如,給文章潤色,提高表達效果。
4.掌握并能熟練使用各種應用文的體例、常用語(yǔ)、格式等。
寫(xiě)提示作文有技巧嗎?有!
1.認真審題,明確要求。在提筆寫(xiě)作之前,花幾分鐘時(shí)間,弄清題目提示的內容、格式、時(shí)間、環(huán)境等,以免出現文不對題的現象,造成不必要的時(shí)間浪費。審題應包括:(1)仔細閱讀寫(xiě)作要求和提示,在重點(diǎn)詞下劃線(xiàn),以引起重視和注意;(2)用a,b,c等符號排列要點(diǎn),把材料分成主次;(3)確定體裁、格式和人物;(4)確定表達的時(shí)間主線(xiàn)--時(shí)態(tài)及其相關(guān)搭配用法。
2.寫(xiě)作一定要切題,抓住要點(diǎn)。題目要求的內容應寫(xiě)進(jìn)去,以保證內容的完整。對于與要求無(wú)關(guān)的內容切忌任意發(fā)揮,畫(huà)蛇添足。
3.寫(xiě)作必須注意格式。比如英漢信件、日記、通知在格式上就有較大的不同。平常應多讀、多記、多練相關(guān)文體課本、同步練習以達到實(shí)際運用的目的。
4.注意語(yǔ)法正確、用詞得當、語(yǔ)言地道。在寫(xiě)不同題材和體裁時(shí),所用的句式、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)言特征及用詞均不同。寫(xiě)作時(shí)要多從交流的角度考慮以上各個(gè)方面。
5.寫(xiě)作時(shí)切忌用漢譯英的方式進(jìn)行。在寫(xiě)信時(shí),考生不要把題目中的漢語(yǔ)指令直接譯成英語(yǔ),要盡量用簡(jiǎn)練的、地道的英語(yǔ)來(lái)寫(xiě)。
6.寫(xiě)作應連貫、流暢。盡量使用最熟悉的詞句,少用復合句和長(cháng)句,多用簡(jiǎn)單句、短句和主動(dòng)句。
7.檢查時(shí)應著(zhù)重注意以下內容:(1)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài);(2)單詞拼寫(xiě);(3)冠詞、介詞用法;(4)語(yǔ)序;(5)名詞的數與主謂一致;(6)句意與語(yǔ)法的一致性;(7)標點(diǎn)、格式、詞數等。
看個(gè)例題吧!
(2002年常州市)根據要點(diǎn)提示寫(xiě)一篇短文。要求:語(yǔ)法正確,意思連貫,書(shū)寫(xiě)規范,要點(diǎn)齊全。詞數60-80(標點(diǎn)符號不計入總詞數)。
要點(diǎn)提示:1.上星期天上午我一直在圖書(shū)館看書(shū)。2.走出圖書(shū)館發(fā)現自行車(chē)不在了,只好步行回家。3.昨天去買(mǎi)車(chē),款式很多難以挑選4.店主說(shuō),常州產(chǎn)的金獅自行車(chē)物美價(jià)廉,我買(mǎi)了一輛藍色的。
思路點(diǎn)撥:
本篇書(shū)面表達比較簡(jiǎn)單,同學(xué)主要應注意以下幾點(diǎn):
1.因為是敘述一件已經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)的事情,所以全文一定要注意時(shí)態(tài)統一,用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。有的同學(xué)在句中有表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)時(shí),能注意運用正確時(shí)態(tài),而其他情況下容易混淆。
2.一件事情總有其發(fā)展的先后順序,所以在敘述時(shí)一定要注意事情發(fā)展的條理,注意前后語(yǔ)句的連貫性。
3.要注意詞的運用,如walk,home,Jinshi bikes,made,in Changzhou.
參考范文
Last Sunday morning I was in the library.When I got out of it,I found my bike wasn't there.I had to walk home.Yesterday I went to buy a new one.There were many kinds of bikes in the shop.I couldn't decide which to choose.Then the shopkeeper told me that Jinshi bikes made in Changzhou were nice and cheap.So I bought a blue one.
怎么樣,會(huì )了嗎?做幾個(gè)中考題練練吧!
1.(2002年福州市)根據中文提示和英文提示詞語(yǔ),寫(xiě)一篇意思連貫、符合邏輯的短文。所給英文提示詞語(yǔ)必須都用上。詞數60-70左右。
(1)昨天晚上我和媽媽出去散步。(2)在路上我們遇見(jiàn)了一個(gè)外國人。(3)他向我詢(xún)問(wèn)如何去溫泉飯店。(4)我告訴他沿路往前走,在第三個(gè)轉彎處向左拐就能看見(jiàn)飯店。(5)他非常感謝我,我也為能幫他而高興。
提示詞語(yǔ):go out for a walk,on the road,the way to,walk along,on the left,thank for,be happy that.
2.(2002年黃岡市)小明做了一個(gè)夢(mèng)。他夢(mèng)見(jiàn)自己為北京奧運會(huì )做一名志愿者:他努力幫助來(lái)自世界各國的外國朋友……在交談中,小明讓外國朋友更多地了解北京。外國朋友感謝小明,并認為小明的英語(yǔ)非常好。小明很高興,他甜蜜地笑了……
請你根據設定的夢(mèng)境并加以想象,寫(xiě)一段80詞左右的短文。開(kāi)始語(yǔ)和結束語(yǔ)均已給出(不計入總詞數)。
內容要求:
(1)幫助外國朋友;(2)與外國朋友交談;(3)感謝小明;(4)小明很高興。
詞匯參考:try(do)one's best,find(that),heavy(lost),carry(show,take),taxi(car,bike),on the way,talk with(about)
Xiao Ming had a dream(夢(mèng))last night.In the dream,he volunteered to serve(志愿列隊) the Beijing Olympics.
3.(2002年重慶市)根據內容要求寫(xiě)一篇 50-80詞的短文。要求:書(shū)寫(xiě)格式正確,語(yǔ)句通暢、流暢,無(wú)語(yǔ)法錯誤。
內容提要:今年四月AAPP要在重慶召開(kāi),外國友人受到重慶人民的熱烈歡迎。外國友人說(shuō):“重慶變化很大,街道清潔,燈火明亮,城市秀美,人更美,人們將記住重慶,重慶的明天會(huì )越來(lái)越好!
4.(2002年安徽。┌不拯S山被聯(lián)合國教科文組織定為世界自然文化遺產(chǎn)。假設外國友人到你校參觀(guān)后,準備去旅游。請根據要點(diǎn)向外國友人簡(jiǎn)單介紹黃山(the Yellow Mountain)。
(1)位于安徽南部,是中國著(zhù)名的旅游勝地。每年有大批中外游客前去旅游觀(guān)光。(2)乘汽車(chē)去大約要花3個(gè)小時(shí);也可以乘火車(chē)或飛機去。(3)登山便可領(lǐng)略其云海(the sea of clouds)、奇松(wondrous pines)、怪石(unique rocks)等秀麗的風(fēng)景及清晨美麗的日出。
注意1貝適:80詞左右。2鼻氬灰逐字翻譯。
參考答案:
1.Yesterday evening,I went out for a walk with my mother.On the road,we met a foreigner.He asked me the way to the Hot Spring Hotel.I told him to walk along the road and take the third turning on the left, then he could see the hotel.He thanked me very much for my help.I was happy thatI could help him.
2.Xiao Ming had a dream last night.In the dream,he volunteered to serve the Beijing Olym pics.He tried his best to help the foreign friends from different countries.When he found a foreign friend worried in the street,he went up to him and asked him what was the matter.The foreigner told Xiao Ming he was Jack,and he forgot the way to the Sun Hotel. Then Xiao Ming stopped a taxi and took him to the Sun Hotel.Xiao Ming talked with Jack on the way and made Jack know more about Beijing.Jack thanked Xiao Ming very much and thought Xiao Ming's English was very good.Xiao Ming was very happy.He smiled and smiled,then he woke up.
3.In April this year the AAPP was held in Chongqing.The foreign friends were warmly welcomed by Chongqing people.The foreign friends said,“Chongqing has changed a lot.The streets are clean,the lights are bright,the city is beautiful,and the people are friendly.Chongqing will be remembered and her tomorrow will become better and better.
4.The Yellow Mountain is one of the most famous mountains in China.It lies in the south of Anhui.Every year thousands of Chinese and foreigners pay a visit there.It's not far from here.It takes you about three hours to get there by bus.You can also go there by train or by plane.While you are climbing the mountain,you can enjoy the sea of clouds,wondrous pines and unique rocks around you.In the early morning when the sun rises,the sky looks very beautiful.It's really a nice place to visit.