目標導引
1.單元詞匯及短語(yǔ)
fall asleep, spend, on their way to school, seem like ,would rather not, cost take up ,a bit ,come up with ,call on, because of ,after all,dress ,wear, marry, besides ,pay back ,after
2.單元句型
①I(mǎi)t seems like today is going to be just another normal day.
②But I don’t think I know you.
3.單元語(yǔ)法
Direct and indirect Speech
核心知識
重點(diǎn)詞匯及短語(yǔ)
(1)fall asleep
fall:半系動(dòng)詞 asleep形容詞 fall 后常接形容詞或短語(yǔ)或過(guò)去分詞。
eg.
①His house fell lame.他的房子要倒了。
②He fell silent.他變得安靜了。
我們把fall 稱(chēng)作半系動(dòng)詞,半系動(dòng)詞有以下一些共性:
1)成分后可接adj.或n.也可接v+過(guò)去分詞;
2)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);
3)無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí);
這系列的動(dòng)詞有:
感觀(guān)類(lèi) appear become look feel sound seem taste smell.
保持或繼續 remain continue stand lie sit exist run.
變得,成為 go turn grow become等
試題:
①The apple better than it .
A.is tasted; is looked
B.tastes; looks
C.tastes; is looked
D.is tasted; looks
答案 B
② at his wife, he worried.
A.looking; looks
B.looks; looks
C.looked; looks
D.looking; is looked
答案 A
(2)spend vt.花費,消費
常見(jiàn)結構spend some time(money)in doing sth.
spend some time (money) on sth.
在(干)某事上花(錢(qián))時(shí)間
如:每天晚上我花個(gè)小時(shí)做家庭作業(yè)。
eg.
Every night I spend three hours in doing my homework.(doing sth.)
Every night I spend three hours on my homework (sth.)
另外,It takes sb. some time(money)to do sth.
也可表此意,所以上述例句也可表達為It takes me three hours to do my homework.
上述3個(gè)例句都可譯為“花了我3個(gè)小時(shí)才完成我的家庭作業(yè)”。
(3)on one’s way 副詞 / to +名
改錯I an on my way to home.(誤,應把to 去掉,因home是副詞)
與way有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)
1)out of way 奇特的、不尋常的
2)by the way ①順便說(shuō)一聲②在途中、順路
3)on the (one’s )way 在路上、在途中
4)mend one’s way 改善自己的舉止行為方式
5)in no way 決不
6)any way 在任何情況下
7)by way of途經(jīng)、取道,以…作為方式
(4)cost
v. cost-cost-cost價(jià)值若干(花多少錢(qián))
特點(diǎn)①用物作主語(yǔ)②無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
常見(jiàn)結構:
1)It costs sb.+ money/time(to do sth.)
花費…錢(qián)、時(shí)間(干某事)
eg.
①I(mǎi)t costs too much.它花費太高。
②It costs us 1000 yuan to run a car a year.
一年我們要花1000元在車(chē)子上。
2)喪失、犧牲
eg. Careless driving may cost you your life.
粗心可能會(huì )讓你喪命。
*cost 與 pay 區別
cost常用物作主語(yǔ),pay常用人作主語(yǔ)
3)cost作名詞,表成本價(jià)錢(qián)費用
the cost of living 生活費用
試題:It Tom as long as 2 years to carry on his research.
A.costs B.pays
C. was cost D.use
答案 A
(5)take up
1)lift up, raise拿起、舉起、抬起、收起
take up one’s pen(gun……)
拿起筆、槍……
2)火車(chē)、講程車(chē)等停下來(lái)接納旅客
3)absorb吸收take up ink
4)對…有興趣,從呈某事take up photography/market
與take有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)
take hold of 抓住、占領(lǐng)、獲得
take one’s chance碰運氣,接受可能發(fā)生或來(lái)臨的事
take after sb.在相貌或性格方面像某人
eg.Your daughter does not take after you.
你的女兒像你。
take sth. apart把某物分解或其組成部分。
take sth./ sb. away from sb./sth.把某物、人從某物(人)身邊拿走。
take sth. down記錄
eg.The reporters took down the speech.
會(huì )議記錄員記錄這個(gè)講話(huà)。
(6)come up with
come up with與…并行、趕上,相當于catch up with
eg.We came up with a party of hikers.
我們趕上一群徒步旅行者。
(7)because of
引導的介詞短語(yǔ),在句中通常作狀語(yǔ)。
eg.
①He did not come because of the rain(because it rained).
他因為下雨沒(méi)有事。
②He cried because of the pain in his arm.
他因為手臂痛而哭了。
試題:改錯
He dropped the pan because the burning oil.
改:because后加of , because是連詞后引導原因狀語(yǔ)從句。而because of 是介詞詞組,只能加名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞 ing.
(8)dress
1)作名詞,禮服,指禮儀、應酬等特殊場(chǎng)合下穿著(zhù)的正式服裝。
an evening dress晚禮服
a full dress大禮服
2)作可數名詞,指婦女的長(cháng)連衣裙,婦女的上裝是coat 或jacket.
3)dress作不可數名詞服裝解,是男女服裝的總稱(chēng)尤指外衣。
eg.
①He doesn’t care much about dress.
他對衣服不介意。
②In this old play the actors wear the dress of 200 years ago.
在老戲里面,演員們穿著(zhù)200年前的衣服。
dress vt.給…穿衣服,常用dress sb.oneself
dress sb.給別人穿衣服
dress oneself 給自己穿衣服
eg.
①How long does it take you to dress yourself?你給自己穿衣服花了多長(cháng)時(shí)間?
②Last night I dressed my little girl.
昨晚我給我的小女孩穿衣服。
表示“某人穿著(zhù)…衣服”常用be dressed in +顏色、衣服=be wearing in
eg.He was dressed in a blue suit.
他穿著(zhù)藍色的西裝
短語(yǔ)dress up(為演戲參加化裝舞會(huì ))著(zhù)特殊服裝
dress sb.down嚴斥某人、打某人
(9)besides ,except ,but 比較
1)besides 除…之外,還有
except, but 除了…之外,就沒(méi)有,常和all ,everything, everybody ,nothing連用
eg.
①I(mǎi) have some other friends besides you and your family.
除了你和你的家人之外,我還有其他一些朋友。
②I have few friends except(but)you.
除了你這外,我幾乎沒(méi)有朋友。
2)另外,except, but 后可接名詞、代詞,還可接to的不定式。但but, except前句中有do的任何形式時(shí),不定式to可以省略。
eg.
①They have no choice but to keep silent.
除了保持安靜,我們別無(wú)選擇。
②We can do nothing but help him.
除了幫助他之外,我們什么事也不能干。
3)except后可以加that 或 when等引起的從句,besides不可以。
eg.
①I(mǎi) don’t know anything about the accident except that it happened during the night.
善于那個(gè)事故,我除了知道它在晚上發(fā)生之外,一無(wú)所知。
②I go to work on foot except when it rains.
除非下雨,我每天上班。
except for
對一個(gè)人或一個(gè)事物先作整體評價(jià),然后就局部提出一點(diǎn)看法。除去…部分,總體怎么樣。
eg. He is a good father except for bad temper.
除了壞脾氣,他還算一位好父親。
(10)after all畢竟 別忘了 雖然這樣 終究
eg.
①The boy is naughty after all he is only ten.
這孩子頑皮,畢竟他才10歲。
②I am sorry. I can’t come after all.
對不起,我終究還是不能來(lái)。
類(lèi)似短語(yǔ)有:
in all 總共
all along 一直始終
above all 首先最重要的是
at all 根本,全然
not at all一點(diǎn)也不
first of all首先,第一
(11)pay back歸還,償還,報復
eg.After all these years we’ve at last paid back all the money.
在這么多年后,我們最后還清了所有債務(wù)。類(lèi)似短語(yǔ):pay for 付款,償還,得到報應,吃虧
pay off付清(債務(wù)、貸款)
pay out付出
eg.
①This was paid back in full in the following years.
這在第二年就全部?jì)斶了。
②To pay a person back in his own coin.
以其人之道還 其人之身。
③Three years later, he paid off all his house debts.
三年之后,他還清了所有房子債務(wù)。
④We paid out 200 yuan that month.
那月我們付了200元。
(12)worth, worthy, worthwhile的用法及區別
1)worth常用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)含義,常用句型為主語(yǔ)+ be + worth+ doing
2)worthy后接of 短語(yǔ)或不定式主語(yǔ)+be +worthy + being done.
主語(yǔ)+ be +worthy +to be done.
3)worthwhile作表語(yǔ)時(shí),常用it作形式主語(yǔ),常用句型為:
It is/was + worthwhile to do/doing.
這本書(shū)值得讀。
=The book is worthy of being read.
=it is worthwhile to read the book.
=It is worthwhile reading the book.
表“很值得”,常用well修飾。
eg.The book is well worth reading.
這本書(shū)很值得讀。
(13)She married a man with a lot of money.
她嫁給一個(gè)很有錢(qián)的男人。
sb. be/get married(to sb.)
marry vt. 嫁娶; 與…結婚,
【注】get married to 不與一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。marry sb.與…結婚,marry sb. to sb.把…嫁給
試題:
改錯:Alice married with a Japanese.(with 去掉marry 為vt.可直接帶賓語(yǔ))
eg.
①正Are you married?
②誤Have you married?
③正It is five years since they married.
④ 正They married five years ago.
同義詞辨析
1.each other,one another
兩者都用來(lái)表示“相互”的意思,在現代英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有區別,可以換用,但有時(shí)也可進(jìn)行細微的區分:each other 一般指兩者之間相互,而one another 一般指三者或三者以上的相互。如:
You should help each other/one another. 你們應該互相幫助。
Mark and Jack are good friends. They often help each other. 馬克和杰克是好朋友。他們經(jīng);ハ鄮椭。
2、have been to, have gone to
(1)have been to:“去過(guò)(某地),”表示曾經(jīng)去過(guò),但現在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了。如:
Have you ever been to that park? 你去過(guò)那個(gè)公園嗎?
Yes, I have been there.是的,我去過(guò)。
I was looking for you, where have you been?我一直在找你,你上哪兒去了?
I’ve been to the library.我到圖書(shū)館去了。
Miss Li teaches us English ; she has been to Britain.李小姐教我們英語(yǔ),她去過(guò)美國。
(2)have gong to:“去了(某地)”,表示已經(jīng)去了,但還沒(méi)有回來(lái)。如:
Where is Mary ? 瑪麗到哪兒去了?
She has gone to the library. She won’t be back until 12 o’clock.她到圖書(shū)館去了。12點(diǎn)以前她是不會(huì )回來(lái)的。
Is Jack in ?杰克在家嗎?
No , he is out . He has gone to the doctor’s .不,他不在家。他去看病了。
3.hope , wish 和expect
(1)三者都可表示“希望”,“愿望”,“期望”。后接動(dòng)詞不定式。如:
I hope / wish / expect to see you soon.我希望很快見(jiàn)到你。
(2)wish , expect 后可接不定式作賓補,hope不能接不定式作賓補。如:
I expect / wish you to come . 我希望你來(lái)。
(3)wish 后可接雙賓語(yǔ),hope , expect 后不可接雙賓語(yǔ)。如:
Wish you success !祝你成功!
I wish you a happy New Year ! 祝你新年快樂(lè )!
(4)wish , hope , expect 都可接從句,wish 后接從句表示愿望,用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。hope , expect后接從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如:
I wish I were a bird . 我希望我是只鳥(niǎo)。
I wish that I had bought the novel yesterday . 真希望我昨天買(mǎi)了那本書(shū)。
I hope he will come tomorrow . 我希望他明天來(lái)。
I expect that it will be all right . 我希望事情順利。
4、because , because of
(1)because 為連詞,引導原因狀語(yǔ)從句。注意不能與so 同時(shí)使用。如:
He is absent because he is ill . 因為他有病,所以他缺席了。
Because he did not catch the last bus , he had to walk home . 因為沒(méi)有趕上末班車(chē),他不得不走回家。
(2)because of 是介詞詞組,后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞,構成介詞短語(yǔ),在句中作表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。如:
They did not start because of the snow . 因為下雪,他們沒(méi)有出發(fā)。
5、sometime , some time , sometimes 和 some times
(1)sometime 是副詞,表示“曾經(jīng)”,“某時(shí)”,“有朝一日”。如:
I think he will come to see us sometime next month .我想他下月某個(gè)時(shí)候會(huì )來(lái)看我們。
(2)some time 是名詞詞組,通常表示“一段時(shí)間”,多與介詞for 連用,作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如:
He read the newspaper for some time . 他讀了一會(huì )兒報紙。
It will take you some time to do the work . 你需要花些時(shí)間來(lái)做這項工作。
(3)sometimes是頻率副詞,意為“有時(shí)”。如:
They walk sometimes in English and sometimes in French . 他們有時(shí)用英語(yǔ)交談,有時(shí)用法語(yǔ)交談。
(4)some times 是名詞詞組,表示“幾次”。如:
I’ve been there some times . 我去過(guò)那幾次了。
6、ago , before
(1)ago 表示從現在算起的若干時(shí)間以前,因此多用在過(guò)去時(shí)的句子里;before 則表示從過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)刻算起的若干時(shí)間以前,多用在過(guò)去完成的句子里。如:
He said : “I lived there 2 years ago .” 他說(shuō):“我兩年前在那兒住過(guò)!
He said he had lived there 2 years before . 他說(shuō)他兩年前在那兒住過(guò)。
I had met the man 3 days before . 我三天前遇到過(guò)那個(gè)人。
(2)before 用作副詞時(shí),還可用在現在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子里,表示不確定的時(shí)間。如:
I have read the book before . 我以前已經(jīng)看過(guò)這本書(shū)了。
I read the book before . 我以前看過(guò)這本書(shū)。
7、borrow , lend
(1)borrow 是主語(yǔ)“借進(jìn)”,與from 連用。如:
You can borrow the novel from the library . 你可以從圖書(shū)館借到這本小說(shuō)。
May I borrow your bike ? 我可以借你的自行車(chē)嗎?
(2)lend 是主語(yǔ)“借出”,與to 連用。如:
I have lent my bike to Jack . 我把自行車(chē)借給了杰克。
Will you lend me your pen ? 你能把鋼筆借給我嗎?
8、wear , put on , dress 和 have on
(1)wear 是“穿著(zhù)”,“戴著(zhù)”的意思,表示狀態(tài),是延續性動(dòng)詞,一般現在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常狀態(tài),現在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示暫時(shí)情況。如:
He often wears a blue jacket . 他常穿一件藍夾克。
She is wearing a red skirt . 她穿著(zhù)一件紅裙子。
(2)put on 是“穿上”,“戴上”的意思,表示動(dòng)作,是非延續性動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。如:
He put on his jacket and went out . 他穿上夾克就出門(mén)了。
Put on more clothes . It’s cold outside . 多穿點(diǎn)衣服,外面很冷。
(3)have on 是“穿著(zhù)”,“戴著(zhù)”的意思,也表示狀態(tài),但它沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:
She always had her red skirt on . 她總是穿著(zhù)那條紅裙子。
He had a new coat on today . 他今天穿著(zhù)一件新外套。
(4)dress 是“穿上”,“穿著(zhù)”的意思,既表示狀態(tài),也表示動(dòng)作。作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),表示給自己或別人穿衣服,賓語(yǔ)是人;作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)與副詞連用。如:
Wake up the children and dress them . 叫醒孩子們,給他們穿上衣服。
He dresses well . 他穿著(zhù)講究。
9、clothes , clothing 和 cloth
(1)clothes是復數名詞,指具體的衣服,如外套、褲子、襯衣等。它不能與表示具體數目的數詞連用。如:
She likes red clothes . 她喜歡紅色的衣服。
(2)clothing 是集體名詞,指衣服、服裝的總稱(chēng),不能用復數,表示泛指。如:
He gave me an article of clothing . 他送給我一件衣服。
(3)cloth 是不可數名詞,指布料。但如果指一種特殊用途的布時(shí),是可數名詞。如:
She bought a piece of cloth . 她買(mǎi)了一塊布。
He covered the table with a table cloth . 他用一塊桌布蓋住了桌子。
10.pay off , pay back 和 pay for
(1)pay off 還清,償清(欠款,債務(wù)等),如:
I’ll pay off my debt with this check . 我將用這張支票還清我的債務(wù)。
I must pay off that forty pounds . 我一定還清那四十鎊。
(2)pay back 償還,報復
He paid the money back immediately . 他立刻把錢(qián)還了。
It’s high time he paid me back the $100 he owes me . 他可該還欠我的100美元了。
He paid me back by not coming . 他以不來(lái)來(lái)報復我。
Maybe she was playing trick to pay them back . 也許她正在玩花招來(lái)報復他們。
(3)pay for 付┅┅ 款,償付
I’ve already paid for the meal . 我已經(jīng)付了飯錢(qián)了(我已經(jīng)買(mǎi)單了)。
He has to pay $100 for the house each month . 他每月不得不付100美元的房租。
How much did you pay for the taxi ? 你付了出租車(chē)多少錢(qián)?
11.receive , accept
receive 意為“接受”,沒(méi)有主觀(guān)色彩,指收到了送來(lái)的東西。accept 意為“接受”,指樂(lè )意接受,強調主觀(guān)愿望。如:
She received a gift from him , but she refused to accept it . 她收到了他的禮物,但她拒絕接受。
I received a letter from America yesterday . 昨天,我收到了一封來(lái)自美國的信。
I accepted the advice of his . 我接受了他的建議。
重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)解析
(1)表示現在或將來(lái)的某種可能性時(shí)不用 can ,而使用 may , might 或 could ,一般用于肯定句式,在語(yǔ)氣上might 表示的語(yǔ)氣很小,但could表示的可能性更小。如:
Will you answer the phone ? It could / might / may be your mother . 請你接下電話(huà),可能是你的母親打來(lái)的。(不能用can)
We may go for a trip this May Day . 今年“五一節”我們可能去旅游。
We might / could go for a trip this May Day ,but I’m afraid we won’t have enough time . 今年“五一節”我們可能去旅游,不過(guò)我想時(shí)間不太充足。
(2)can表示現在的可能性時(shí),只用于疑問(wèn)句中和否定句中,這時(shí)不用may , might 或could.如:
Who is speaking at the meeting ? Can it be Mr.Green?誰(shuí)在會(huì )上發(fā)言?會(huì )不會(huì )是格林先生?
It can’t be him . 那不可能是他。
(3)can 和could后面接動(dòng)詞的完成式have done 表示對過(guò)去情況的猜測或判斷。can 只用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句,而could 能用于肯定句,表示一個(gè)非事實(shí)的或不可能實(shí)現的可能性。如:
Where can she have gone ? 她會(huì )上哪兒去呢?
She can’t have gone to school . -It’s Sunday . 他不可能去學(xué)校-今天是星期日。
If I had had time , I could have come here . 如果我有時(shí)間我會(huì )來(lái)的。(實(shí)際上沒(méi)來(lái),是一種虛擬語(yǔ)氣)
(4)can間或用于肯定句,說(shuō)的是理論上的可能性,表示籠統的時(shí)間,事物上的特征。如:
I don’t think he can have heard what you said . 我想他不會(huì )聽(tīng)到了你所說(shuō)的話(huà)。
It can be windy tomorrow . 明天可能有風(fēng)。
would 用在肯定句中也可表示揣測,指說(shuō)話(huà)人主面上認為的不是很確定的可能性。如:
It would be a waste of time / money . 這會(huì )是白白浪費時(shí)間/錢(qián)。
He would be back in September . 他可能九月份回來(lái)。
口語(yǔ)交際
(一)警告
1、wet paint !小心油漆未干!
2、Dangerous !危險!勿碰。
3、Mind your head .當心別碰著(zhù)頭。
4、Watch out / Look out / Take care /Be careful ! 當心
5、Look out !Where are you going ? 當心!瞧你往哪里走?
6、You’d better be careful when crossing the street . 過(guò)馬路時(shí)你最好謹慎點(diǎn)兒。
7、Make sure to lock the door when you leave . 走時(shí)一定要把門(mén)鎖好。
8、Be careful with the glass .小心玻璃。
9、If you don’t work hard , you’ll not finish the work on time . 如果你不努力工作,你將無(wú)法準時(shí)完成工作。
(二)有關(guān)警告的回答
1、Excuse me ! 抱歉
2、That’s true .這是真的
3、You’re right .你說(shuō)得對
4、Thanks .謝謝提醒
5、Thanks for the warning .謝謝警告
6、Yes , I know .是的,我知道了
7、All right .沒(méi)問(wèn)題
8、Sorry , I didn’t know that .對不起,(以前)我不知道
9、There’s nothing to worry about .用不著(zhù)擔心
10、Don’t make a fuss.不用大驚小怪