作者：張祥美

幸運直達第一站:There be 結構的意義及形式

There be 結構主要用以表達"某處(某時(shí))有某人(某物)",其基本句型為"There be + 某物或某人 + 某地或某時(shí)",其中there 是引導詞,沒(méi)有詞義;be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;"某人或某物"是句子的主語(yǔ);"某地或某時(shí)"作句子的狀語(yǔ),多是介詞短語(yǔ)。如:

There is a football under the chair. 椅子下面有一個(gè)足球。

引導語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 主語(yǔ) 介詞 短語(yǔ)(某地)

幸運直達第二站:There be結構中的動(dòng)詞be的確定

1. there be 結構中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be在人稱(chēng)和數上應與其后的主語(yǔ)保持一致。主語(yǔ)是不可數名詞或單數可數名詞時(shí)用is,是復數時(shí)用are。如:

There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。

There is some money in the purse. 錢(qián)包里有些錢(qián)。

2. 若句子中有幾個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)時(shí),be的形式要與離其最近的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數上保持一致。如:

There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house. 房子里有一個(gè)男孩,一個(gè)女孩和兩個(gè)婦女。

There are ten students and a teacher in the office. 辦公室里有十個(gè)學(xué)生和一個(gè)教師。

另外,在陳述句中為了強調地點(diǎn),也可將介詞短語(yǔ)提置句首。如:

In the tree there are five birds. 樹(shù)上有五只鳥(niǎo)。

幸運直達第三站:There be 結構的句型轉換

1. 否定句: there be的否定式通常在be后加not構成(在口語(yǔ)中be時(shí)常與not縮寫(xiě)在一起)。如果句中有some,一般要變成any。如:

There are some children in the picture. →There aren't any children in the picture.

2. 一般疑問(wèn)句及其答語(yǔ):把be提到there前,首字母大寫(xiě),句末用問(wèn)號即可。其肯定答語(yǔ)是Yes, there is / are;否定答語(yǔ)為No, there isn't / aren't。如:

-Are there two cats in the tree?

-Yes, there are. (No, there aren't.)

3. 特殊疑問(wèn)句及其回答:①提問(wèn)句子的主語(yǔ)(包括主語(yǔ)前的修飾語(yǔ))時(shí),句型一律用"what is + 地點(diǎn)介詞短語(yǔ)?"(無(wú)論主語(yǔ)是單數還是復數都用is)。如:

There are some birds in the tree. →What's in the tree?

②就there be后面的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)時(shí),句型用"where is / are + 主語(yǔ)?"如:

There is a car in the street. →Where is the car?

③提問(wèn)可數名詞(主語(yǔ))前的數量時(shí),用how many,句型結構為"how many + 復數名詞 + are there + 其它?"(主語(yǔ)無(wú)論是單數還是復數,be通常要用are)。如:

There is a cat under the bed. →How many cats are there under the bed?