【知識點(diǎn)】
Ⅰ.單詞和詞組
enlarge , remind sb of , fix a date for , appreciate, long-term , encouragement
Ⅱ. 交際英語(yǔ)
Invitations and responses (邀請與應答)發(fā)出邀請時(shí)可以說(shuō)：
1. Will you come to …?
2. Would you like to do ？
3. I'd like to invite you to …
4. Are you free on Sunday ?
5. If you're not doing anything on Monday morning , would you like to do …
6. We'd like you to join us .
7. Do join me for a coffee .
8. We're having a dance on Sunday . I hope you will come .
9. Would you do me the pleasure of attending our wedding (婚禮) ?
= May we have the pleasure of your company at our wedding ?
10. I'd very much like you to come to our dinner party .
接受邀請時(shí)常用：
1. Yes , I'd love to .
2. Yes , that's very kind / nice of you .
3. I'd love to , but …
4. How nice !
5. I'd like to … , but … . Thank you all the same .
Ⅲ. 語(yǔ)法學(xué)習復習和歸納句子的成分
1，謂語(yǔ)；復習情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中要重點(diǎn)掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)的用法。如：
should have done與should not have done , needn't have done , must have done
2，復習主謂一致的測試熱點(diǎn)。
【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)講解】
1， On the subject of reading, Francis Bacon, who lived at about the same time as Shakespeare, wrote these words： "some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested."
關(guān)于閱讀這個(gè)題目，弗朗西斯培根(與莎士比亞大約是同時(shí)代的人)曾經(jīng)寫(xiě)過(guò)這樣的話(huà)："有些書(shū)是應當嘗嘗滋味的，有些書(shū)是應當吞下去的，有少數書(shū)是應當咀嚼和消化的。"
…"some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested."
本句用了"be + 不定式的被動(dòng)式"結構(are to be tasted／swallowed／chewed and digested)。這種結構表示"某事應當／必須如何做"的意思，常用在通知和說(shuō)明書(shū)里。例如：
The books you borrowed are to be returned before July 5. 你所借的圖書(shū)應當于7月5日前歸還。
This medicine is to be taken three times a day after meals. 此藥一日三次，飯后服用。
(This form is) to be filled in ink. (此表)須用墨水填寫(xiě)。
"be + 不定式"結構通常用來(lái)表示"按計劃或安排將要做的事情"，或表示上級對下級，父母對子女"下達命令"。例如：
The train is to arrive in Beijing at 10：25 a. m. 這趟火車(chē)將于上午10∶25到達北京。(安排好的)
You are to eat all your supper before you watch TV. 你得吃完晚飯才能看電視。
2， It is enough to dip into it and read bits here and there.
這種書(shū)只需瀏覽一下，這兒讀一點(diǎn)，那兒讀一點(diǎn)，也就夠了。
短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 dip into 原作"掏出"、"蘸"解，有"(手)伸入(某處)取(某物)"的意思。在我們學(xué)過(guò)的"Look carefully and learn" 曾出現過(guò)這樣的句子：
Each student dipped a finger into the mixture and sucked it.
每個(gè)學(xué)生把手指伸入混合液，然后吸吮了一下。又如：
She keeps dipping into the bag of sweets. 她不斷地把手伸入糖果袋(拿糖吃)。
本課句中的 dip into 則作"瀏覽"、"翻閱"解，有"稍加探究"的意思。例如：
I haven't read that book seriously, I've only dipped into it.
我沒(méi)有認真讀過(guò)那本書(shū)，只不過(guò)是隨便翻閱了一下。
I can't say I know a great deal about American history. I have just dipped into one or two books on the subjcet. 我不能說(shuō)我對美國史了解很多，我不過(guò)翻閱了一下有關(guān)這個(gè)學(xué)科的一兩本書(shū)。
3，Second, do not stop every time you come to a word or phrase you do not know. 其次，不要一遇到不認識的單詞或短語(yǔ)就停下來(lái)。
1)這是一個(gè)復合句。主句是 do not stop，后跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句"every time you come to a word or phrase"，再后是一個(gè)省略關(guān)系代詞 which 的定語(yǔ)從句"you do not know,"修飾先行詞 word or phrase。
2)名詞詞組 every time (每次，每回)可以用作從屬連詞，引出表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是"每……就……"例如：
Every time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back. 每次感冒我的背就疼。
Every time he came to Wuhan, de would visit his teachers. 每次他來(lái)武漢，總要拜訪(fǎng)他的老師。
Copy it down every time you come to a beautiful sentence. 每當你碰到一個(gè)漂亮的句子就把它抄下來(lái)。
4， Are there any hobbies or sports you particularly like? If so, look out for books, articles or magazines about them. 你有什么特別癖好或特別喜愛(ài)的體育運動(dòng)嗎？如果有，你就該找一些有關(guān)的書(shū)籍、文章或雜志來(lái)讀。
1)"If so"(如果是這樣)是承接上文而來(lái)的一個(gè)省略結構，意思相當于 If there are any hobbies or sports which you particularly like。例如：
You said George was honest. If so, I had misjudged him, and I feel sorry. 你說(shuō)喬治是誠實(shí)的。如果是這樣，那么我看錯了他，我很抱歉。
It is reported that the situation there is quite serious. If so, we should get prepared immediately. 據說(shuō)，那兒的情況十分嚴重。如果是這樣，我們就該立即作好準備。
2)look out for 作"尋找"、"搜尋"解，例如：
Will you please go to the station and look out for Mr Johnson? 請你到車(chē)站找一下約翰遜先生好嗎？
The men in the tower are looking out for escaped prisoners. 塔樓里的士兵們正在搜尋逃犯。
He has been looking out for a new job for half a year. 半年來(lái)他一直在找新的工作。
I'm looking out for a book on the life of Francis Bacon. 我在找一本關(guān)于弗朗西斯培根生平的書(shū)。
5， The more we practice, the better we get at listening to speech in a foreign language. 練習得越多，就越能更好地聽(tīng)懂用外語(yǔ)所說(shuō)的話(huà)。
get better at doing… 相當于 be better at doing…，意為"更善于做……"。
6， So when you listen to someone, you should listen with complete attention, and with complete respect for the other person. 因此，當你聽(tīng)某人說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)，你要一心一意地聽(tīng)，對別人完全尊重。
句中的 respect 是不可數名詞，作"尊敬"解。說(shuō)"對某人(表示)尊敬"常用"(show／have)respect to／for sb."結構。例如：
Youth should always show respect to old age. 年輕人應該永遠尊敬老年人。
I have a great respect for journalists, but I don't know why. 我對記者非常尊敬，但不知道是什么原因。
She had no respect for the manager. 她對經(jīng)理一點(diǎn)也不尊重。
All the students treated the teachers with respect. 所有學(xué)生對老師都很尊重。
respect 也可以作及物動(dòng)詞，也作"尊敬"、"尊重"解。例如：
All children should respect their parents. 所有孩子都該尊敬父母。
Our chemistry teacher is much respected in our school. 我們的化學(xué)老師在學(xué)校是很受人尊敬的。
You should respect the opinions of your friends. 你應該尊重朋友們的意見(jiàn)。
7， Often, all we need is a good friend who will listen to us while we"talk things through". 我們常常需要的是一位能傾聽(tīng)我們"暢敘衷腸"的好朋友。
短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 talk through 作"充分討論"解。例如：
We talked the plan through for nearly an hour. 我們對計劃討論了將近一個(gè)小時(shí)。
After three long meetings, the question seemed to be talked through.
經(jīng)過(guò)三次長(cháng)時(shí)間的會(huì )議后，這個(gè)問(wèn)題似乎已經(jīng)詳細討論過(guò)了。
【語(yǔ)法－主謂一致】
1. 主語(yǔ) people 作"人們，人民"解時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復數，作"民族"解時(shí)，有單復數之分。如：
Our people is a great one.
There are 56 peoples in China.
2 . 主語(yǔ)是 a / this / that kind of + 名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數形式，主語(yǔ)指的不是一種而是多種，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復數。如：
This kind of cloth feels soft.
There are different kinds of animals.
3 . 主語(yǔ)是"each of … "，"neither of … "，"either of … "，"one of … "等時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)用單數。如：
Each of them has his own duty.
4 . 陳述部分用 everybody , everyone , somebody , someone , anybody , anyone , nobody , no one 或 no + 復數名詞等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，反意部分用 they。而陳述部分用everything , something , nothing , anything 時(shí)，反意部分代詞則采用單數，用 it 。
Somebody is waiting for you , aren't they ?
Everything is all right , isn't it ?
5 . 動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)用單數形式。
When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet .
6 . 用引號的詞語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數第三人稱(chēng)。
"I" is the ninth letter of the English Alphabet .
7 . 在強調結構中如被強調的是句子的主語(yǔ)，則 who 或 that 后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數應和主語(yǔ)一致。
It is Mike who always helps me study maths after class .
8 . wish 后接賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如表示與現在事實(shí)相反，無(wú)論主語(yǔ)是單數還是復數，be 動(dòng)詞用 were。
I wish I were ten years younger .
9 . police , cattle 等集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復數。
The murderer has run away . The police are searching for him .
10 . 算式中表示數目的主語(yǔ)通�？醋鲉螖�，其謂語(yǔ)常用單數形式，也可用復數。
Five times four is twenty .
11 . youth 作"青年們"解作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復數。
The youth of China today are doing their best to study modern science and technology .
12 . each 作同位語(yǔ)放在復數主語(yǔ)后，謂語(yǔ)不受單數 each 的影響。如：
The boy and the girl each have their own toys .
13 . 當 with 引出的短語(yǔ)結構后面出現 both 時(shí)，with 的含義變成 and ，此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應該用復數形式。如：Martin with his wife ,both working in the same company ,
have decided that they would send their little daughter to the nearest kindergarten .
14 . "one of + 復數名詞 + 謂語(yǔ)"是固定結構，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數。但是，在"one of + 復數名詞 + 定語(yǔ)從句"句型中，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用復數；若 one of 的前面有 the , the only 時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)仍用單數。試對比：
He is one of the people who always help others.
She is the only one of my guests that comes from India .
15 . 主語(yǔ)是以-ics 結尾的學(xué)科名詞以及 news , works (工廠(chǎng)) , politics 等都屬形式復數，而意義單數的名詞，其謂語(yǔ)用單數形式。另外 means 一詞單復數同形應視具體情況而定。
Mathematics seems to be difficult to learn .
A new means of teaching is being used in that school .
注：學(xué)科名詞前如有物主代詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常用復數。如：My mathematics are week .
16 . 主語(yǔ)是用作書(shū)名、劇名、報紙名、國名等的復數名詞，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數形式。
The United States is a developed country.
【例題解析】
例1，Neither of us _______to take part in this game.
A were wanting B wants C want D are wanting
【答案】B．
【解析】neither， either 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用單數謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這樣的詞還有each， each of， no one， the other， another。
例2，The New York Times _______ first published in the early 1860's.
A was B were C are D had
【答案】A．
【解析】因固定專(zhuān)有名詞、書(shū)刊名、時(shí)間、距離、度量衡、價(jià)值等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用單數謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
例3，_________ neither he nor I right?
A are B is C am D does
【答案】B．
【解析】因作為陳述句時(shí)， Neither he nor I am right庇胊m， 因am與I 接近。但作為疑問(wèn)句，則與he接近應用is.
例4，When and where ________ this building built ?
A are B is C was D have
【答案】C．
【解析】因為when and where 是作為一件事，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應用單數。