初中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中形成性教學(xué)評價(jià)的作用
作者:虞柳丹
一,英語(yǔ)學(xué)習情況調查表--教師了解學(xué)生的橋梁
作為一名教師,在接觸新的學(xué)生時(shí),最關(guān)鍵的工作就了解他們的學(xué)習興趣和學(xué)習基礎,采用學(xué)習興趣調查表(見(jiàn)表1)和試卷分析(見(jiàn)表2)能較好地達到這一目的。
在對學(xué)生進(jìn)行學(xué)業(yè)基礎檢測后,教師可以利用試卷分析表了解學(xué)生對所學(xué)知識的掌握程度,并引導學(xué)生對自身的學(xué)習進(jìn)行反思。
學(xué)生興趣調查表和試卷分析能在短時(shí)間內讓新教師最大程度地了解學(xué)生的學(xué)習興趣及掌握程度。經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間的教學(xué)工作后,教師可以讓學(xué)生填寫(xiě)表格,并進(jìn)行對比,以此來(lái)觀(guān)察學(xué)生的發(fā)展及反饋自己的教學(xué)成果。
表1 學(xué)習興趣調查表
姓名: 日期:
項目 興趣
喜歡
一般
不喜歡
1唱英語(yǔ)歌曲
2看英語(yǔ)原聲電影
3聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)廣播
4讀/寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)小詩(shī)
5寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)日記
6模仿錄音朗讀課文
7做英語(yǔ)游戲
8英語(yǔ)考試
9聽(tīng)寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)單詞
10用英語(yǔ)會(huì )話(huà)
表2 試卷分析表
姓名: 日期:
項目 自評
得分
完成情況ABCD
存在問(wèn)題
努力方向
聽(tīng)力
筆試
填空
選擇
閱讀
作文
總評
二, 以學(xué)習活動(dòng)為線(xiàn)索設計教學(xué),在課堂上及時(shí)反映學(xué)生學(xué)習中的問(wèn)題
這種教學(xué)設計在創(chuàng )造良好的學(xué)習情況,激發(fā)和改善學(xué)生的學(xué)習心態(tài)與學(xué)習行為,學(xué)生積極主動(dòng)參加,反映學(xué)習中的情況,教師及時(shí)改正。
這是以Milu Deer Return To China課為例。這篇課文講的是中國決心改善自然環(huán)境,使原產(chǎn)于中國卻在中國滅絕的珍珠動(dòng)物--麋鹿,從遙遠的歐洲回歸中華大地的真實(shí)故事。這是一篇在學(xué)習英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的同時(shí)可以對學(xué)生開(kāi)展珍愛(ài)自然、保護野生動(dòng)物,促進(jìn)可持續發(fā)展的思想教育的教材。筆者作了這樣的設計:
(1)創(chuàng )設情境:首先用電腦制作兩張圖片,其一是在空中雜亂地飛動(dòng)著(zhù)羽毛的背景下,一只用各色羽毛做成的羽毛球;其二是用虎、豹、梅花鹿、斑馬等珍惜動(dòng)物的皮拼成的一個(gè)籃球。教學(xué)過(guò)程中,先呈現上述兩圖,引出問(wèn)題。
(2)設計活動(dòng):學(xué)生分成小組,把課文學(xué)習與看圖聯(lián)系起來(lái),展開(kāi)討論。討論的問(wèn)題是:what will you think when you see these two pictures? What are the two pictures trying to tell us? 要求每組派代表記錄下大家討論的要點(diǎn),然后用英語(yǔ)向全班報告,小組的其他同學(xué)可以進(jìn)行補充。
(3)引導體驗:以”The weep of the birds”,”Rescuing the wildlife”等為題,學(xué)生自選一題當堂作文,然后張貼傳閱。
三,除主流課型外,穿插愉快學(xué)習,陶冶情操的欣賞課型
此課型的目的是培養學(xué)生學(xué)英語(yǔ)的激情,陶冶學(xué)生人文情操,溝通師生情感,更容易的反映學(xué)生信息,下面是其中一個(gè)范例:
英語(yǔ)歌曲欣賞課
欣賞歌曲《The straw Hat》
Step1引入
教師提問(wèn)學(xué)生問(wèn)題
1, Do you often sing or listen to English songs?
2, Can you sing an English song well without understanding the words?
3, If there are two ways of learning English,one is our everyday teaching,the other is learning English by listening and enjoying English songs,which way do you prefer?
Step2展示歌詞
教師朗讀歌詞,解釋生詞,播放歌曲,并提問(wèn)學(xué)生。
The Straw Hat
Ma Ma ,do you remember the old straw hat you gave to me ,I lost that long ago,flew to the foggy canyon. Yeah ma ma I wander what happened to that old straw hat , falling down the mountainside, out of my reach like your heart .suddenly the wind came up ,stealing my hat from me yeh ,swirling,whirling gust of wind ,blowing it higher away .ma ma that old staw hat was the only one I really loved ,but we lost it ,no one could bring it back ,like the life you give me .
問(wèn)題: what does the words “straw hat” refer to in the song ?
(對不同的學(xué)生進(jìn)行提問(wèn),希望得到不同的回答,但不給學(xué)生唯一的答案,以便自然過(guò)度到下一環(huán)節)
設計目的:通過(guò)解釋?zhuān)箤W(xué)生能夠基本理解歌詞的表層含義,引導學(xué)生深層理解;對學(xué)生的回答不予評價(jià),為背景知識的解釋留有余地。
Step3 背景知識介紹
1教師提問(wèn):what is “background knowledge “?
2教師強調:the more background knowledge a reader has ,the better and deeper he/she will understang the reading material
3教師通過(guò)講故事,介紹歌曲的相關(guān)背景知識
The straw hat was the theme song of a Japanese film named the proof of man (<人證>) ,which discloses the dark side of human being’s nature . one day ,during the second world war ,a group of American soldiers were insulting a Japanese girl in the street when a black American soldier came up and stopped them. Then ,the girl and the black sodier lived together and gave birth to a black boy . the war was over,the boy went to America with his father .as the boy grew up ,he couldn’t help missing his mother. However ,his mother,who as very famous in Japan ,refused to recognize and accept him ,because she was afraid it would do harm to her good fame and her family .so she asked killer to kill this black boy .soon after that she regretted it----she want to get back the old straw hat .
設計目的:加深學(xué)生對背景知識這一概念的理解,引起他們對對背景知識重視的同時(shí),通過(guò)故事訓練和提高學(xué)生的聽(tīng)力。
Step4逐句解釋
1sentence 1
1) 歌詞展示:ma ma ,do you remember the old straw hat you gave to me ,I lost that hat long ago ,flew to the foggy canyon
2) 參考翻譯:媽媽?zhuān)憧稍浀,你送給我的那頂舊草帽?很久以前我就丟失了,它飄向濃霧的山岙。(提示:要求不同程度的學(xué)生翻譯這個(gè)句子,直到得到較好的翻譯
3) 閱讀理解: what do the words “straw hat ” refer to ?
A life B a feeling of thought
Cmother’s love Dlove
參考答案:C
4) 補充講解:here the words “straw hat ”refer to the love of a mother .the words”flew to foggy canyon”imply the loss of mother’s love .
5) 單句播放或教師演唱
設計目的:在了解相關(guān)的背景知識之后,通過(guò)翻譯和閱讀理解,使學(xué)生理解文字的深層含意;通過(guò)補充講解使學(xué)生欣賞到了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言之美;通過(guò)演唱技巧的介紹,單句的播放或教師的演唱,使學(xué)生在音樂(lè )欣賞中放松精神,陶冶情操,同時(shí)也加深了對歌詞的理解。
Step5,小結
The words of the song are very beautiful . It uses lots of metaphors to express the son’s feeling and emotion . For instance, the “old straw hat” refers to the love of a mother , the “wind” implies the killing , “blowing it higher away” implies the love between mother and son was lost forever . All these metaphors make us think deeply.
Step6,強調背景知識的重要性
讓學(xué)生分組討論以下問(wèn)題:
1) Is background knowledge while doing reading conprehension?
2) Can you have a good understanding of texts without background knowledge?
3) How can we get more background knowledge?
設計目的:使學(xué)生意識到博覽群書(shū)的重要性,以及重視對背景知識的理解和掌握,并使學(xué)生改正課后只重視做單選題的不良習慣。
Step7主題升華
1) 討論題;What will happen if there is no love in this world?
2) 要求學(xué)生自由回答
3) 教師總結:Love is natural for human beings,and the bridge for people to get along with one another.Without love ,other feelings,such as envy suspicion hatred quarrel misunderstanding killing fighting war revenge and so on will control people’s minds.May our world be full of love.
設計目的:讓學(xué)生受到一次良好教育
Step8:?jiǎn)?wèn)卷調查
問(wèn)題一:你喜歡這種形式的教學(xué)嗎?
問(wèn)題二:你覺(jué)得你有所收獲嗎?(聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)有提高嗎?)