句子次要成分：表語(yǔ)／定語(yǔ)／狀語(yǔ)／補語(yǔ)
一、表語(yǔ)
系動(dòng)詞后面的部分叫表語(yǔ)。作表語(yǔ)的典型詞類(lèi)是形容詞，此外，名詞、數詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、分詞、從句也都可等充當表語(yǔ)。系動(dòng)詞與表語(yǔ)共同構成謂語(yǔ)，來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)等。
練習 請找出下列句子的表語(yǔ)并指出表語(yǔ)是由什么來(lái)充當
（名詞、數詞、形容詞、介詞，不定式，分詞，還是從句）。
1. My wallet is on the desk.
2. The book isn't mine. '
3. The leaves turn yellow in fall.
4. He has become a police officer.
5. My suggestion 'is戶(hù) that=we should start at once.
6. My suggestion is to-leave at once.
7. His speech was boring.
8. The whole class got excited at the good news.
二、定語(yǔ)
定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞，起限定作用的；作定語(yǔ)的典型詞類(lèi)是形容詞、形容詞性物主代詞和定語(yǔ)從句，此外，數詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞也可作定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)一般位于被修飾詞之前，但下列情況要位于所修飾的名詞之后：
(1)形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí)；(2)短語(yǔ)或從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)還有其它形式等。
練習請找出下列句子的定語(yǔ)并指出定語(yǔ)是由什么充當
（形容詞、形容詞性代詞、數詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞還是定語(yǔ)從句）。
1. The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every year.
2. The wallet on the desk is mine.
3. The demanding boss wasn't satisfied with my work.
4. That building being repaired is our library.
5. He is one of the students that have been late.
6. The excited boys burst into cheers.
7. A woman police officer was praised for her good work.
三、狀語(yǔ)
狀語(yǔ)是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或者副詞，表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等意義的。作狀語(yǔ)的典型詞類(lèi)是副詞和狀語(yǔ)從句，此外，介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、分詞等也可作狀語(yǔ)。單個(gè)副詞作狀語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾詞之前，短語(yǔ)或從句放在句首或句末。
練習請找出下列句子的狀語(yǔ)并指出狀語(yǔ)是由什么充當
（副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、分詞、狀語(yǔ)從句）。
1. He did his homework carefully at home.
2. Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday
3. When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.
4. Feeling tired, he went to bed without supper.
5. He lost his job due to his lack of patience.
6. Brought up in the country, he finds it hard to adjust himself to city life.
四、補足語(yǔ)
補充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的稱(chēng)為主語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)；補充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的稱(chēng)為賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)。作補語(yǔ)的典型詞類(lèi)是形容詞，此外，名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、現在分詞和過(guò)去分詞等也可作補語(yǔ)。
練習 請找出下列句子的賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)并指出它是由什么充當
（名詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、現在分詞和過(guò)去分詞）)
1. They elected John monitor.
2. He treated his mistake as a joke.
3. We heard her singing a song.
4. He told me to make my own decision.
5. I think it wrong of him to decline my offer.
6. He watched an insect caught by a bird.
【注意】如果把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)就成了主語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)。
例如：
He was acknowledged to be the best player．
他被公認為是最佳選手。（不定式作主語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)）
即時(shí)練習
把句中的從句劃出來(lái)并說(shuō)明其在句子中充當的成分，把整個(gè)句子翻譯成中文。
1. Space and oceans are the new worlds which scientists are trying to explore.
2. That is why the computer can be made to store information.
3. The pressure changes each time the temperature is adjusted.
4., The day will come when man can make better use of the sun’ s energy.
5. We consider it necessary that a plan should be made before doing a work.
6. We study hard so that we may be better able to serve the people.
7. They are trying to discover what caused the accident.
8. It is true that we haven't yet succeeded in the experiment.
一、表語(yǔ)
1. on the desk．介詞短語(yǔ)
2. mine名詞性物主代詞
3. yellow形容詞
4. a police officer名詞
5. that we should start at once．表語(yǔ)從句
6. to leave at once不定式短語(yǔ)
7. boring現在分詞
8. excited過(guò)去分詞
二、定語(yǔ)
1. beautiful形容詞；many，數詞
2. on the desk介詞短語(yǔ)
3. demanding現在分詞；my形容詞性代詞
4. being repaired現在分詞短語(yǔ)；our形容詞性代詞
5. one數詞；that have been late定語(yǔ)從句
6. .excited過(guò)去分詞
7. woman名詞；good形容詞
三、狀語(yǔ)
1. carefully副詞；at home介詞詞組
2. to do some shopping不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)；on Sunday介詞短語(yǔ) 表時(shí)間
3. When I grow up，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
4. Feeling tired現在分詞短語(yǔ)表原因；without supper介詞短語(yǔ) 表方式
5. due to his lack of patience介詞短語(yǔ)表原因
6. Brought up in the country過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)表原因
四、補語(yǔ)
1.' monitor名詞
2. as a joke，介詞詞組
3. singing a song現在分詞短語(yǔ)
4. to make my own decision動(dòng)詞不定式
5. wrong形容詞
6. caught by a bird過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)
即時(shí)練習
1. which scientists are trying to explore.（定語(yǔ)從句）
太空和海洋是科學(xué)家正在努力探索的新世界。
2. why the computer can be made to store information.（表語(yǔ)從句）
那就是電腦可以?xún)Υ嫘畔⒌脑颉?/p>
2. each time the temperature is adjusted（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）
每次氣溫調節，氣壓都會(huì )改變。
4. when man can make better use of the sun's energy（定語(yǔ)從句）
總有一天人類(lèi)能更好地利用太陽(yáng)能。
5. that a plan should be made before doing a work.（賓語(yǔ)從句）
我們認為有必要在工作前制定計劃。
6. so that' we may be better able to serve the people（目的狀語(yǔ)從句）
為了能更好為人民服務(wù)，我們努力學(xué)習。
7. what caused the accident（賓語(yǔ)從句）他們正試圖發(fā)現事故的起因。
8. that we haven't yet succeeded in the experiment（主語(yǔ)從句）
我們的實(shí)驗尚未成功，這是事實(shí)。