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Unit 16 重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)講解(人教版高二英語(yǔ)下冊教案教學(xué)設計)

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-1-21 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機版

1.Why should students be careful smelling from bottles?

為什么學(xué)生在聞瓶中氣味時(shí)要當心?

be careful doing的意思是“做某事仔細或小心”,be careful后面常跟with,in,about等介詞短語(yǔ),也可跟to do或從句。例如:

People should be more careful about the things they say.

大家對自己說(shuō)的話(huà)應該很謹慎。

Be careful that the medicine is kept away from children.

要小心把藥放在安全的地方,不要讓小孩拿到。

Please be very careful with those plates! 那些盤(pán)子,要十分小心。

2.What is to be done when anything gets into your eyes?

如果你眼睛里進(jìn)了東西,該怎么辦?

①“be+ to do”結構表示安排、命令、職責、義務(wù)、目的、用途、可能性、命中注定等。例如:

We are to meet at the school gate. 我們約定在校門(mén)口碰頭。(安排)

You are to be back by 10 o’clock. 你得在10點(diǎn)鐘前回來(lái)。(命令)

A knife is to cut with. 刀是用來(lái)切割的。(用途)

They were never to meet again.他們注定以后永遠不再見(jiàn)面。(命中注定)

②不定式的被動(dòng)式用于當邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式動(dòng)作的接受者。再如:

Do you want to be taught German? 你想讓人教你德語(yǔ)嗎?

3.More roads and trains mean more pollution.

更多的路和火車(chē)意味著(zhù)更多的污染。

試比較:mean to do sth. 打算干某事 mean doing sth. 意味著(zhù)…

I don’t mean to argue with you. 我不打算跟你吵架。

Passing the entrance exam means being admitted into college.

通過(guò)了高考意味著(zhù)被大學(xué)錄取。

4.It is fast and clean and it doesn’t make any noise as planes do.

它既快又清潔而不像飛機那樣制造噪音。

①make a noise 吵鬧、喧嘩、制造噪音。例如:

Try not to make a noise when you go upstairs.

Don’t make so much noise. 不要大聲喧嘩。

②as在這里作連詞用,意思為“像……一樣”,如:

She is a fine singer,as her mother used to.

像她媽媽過(guò)去一樣,她是個(gè)很好的歌手。

5.We should make more use of this new technology.

我們應該更好地利用這種新技術(shù)。

make use of利用,use前不用冠詞,但可以加上某些形容詞。如:

make good use of好好利用

make full use of充分利用

make the best use of充分利用

make little use of 不充分利用

6.It is good for the economy、那對經(jīng)濟(發(fā)展)有好處。

be good for作“對……有好處”;“對……有益”。例如:

Milk is good for you. 牛奶對你健康有益。

It is not good for children to give them everything they want.

孩子要什么就給什么,這對他們并無(wú)益處。

比較:be good to sb.(對……友善)。例如:

This boss is good to his employees, especially when they are ill.

這位老板對他的雇員很好,尤其是當他們生病時(shí)。

be good at(擅長(cháng)于)。例如:

The children is good at language study.這孩子擅長(cháng)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習。

7.In the 18th century,Benjamin Franklin conducted a number of experiments in which he showed what electricity is.

十八世紀,本杰明弗蘭克林做了一系列實(shí)驗,以證明電是什么。

In June 1752,I wanted to show that lighting and electricity are the same.

1752年6月,我要證明閃電和電是一回事。

①一般來(lái)說(shuō),從句的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與主句的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)保持一致,也就是說(shuō),如果主句中用過(guò)去時(shí),從句一般也用過(guò)去范疇的時(shí)態(tài)。但是如果從句表達的是一種真理或客觀(guān)事實(shí),使用一般現在時(shí)。

②“做實(shí)驗”的各種說(shuō)法:

do an experiment

make an experiment

perform an experiment

conduct an experiment

carry out an experiment

③conduct作為及物動(dòng)詞,作“指導,引導;指揮(樂(lè )團、樂(lè )曲);經(jīng)營(yíng),管理”。如

He conducted me around the museum. 他領(lǐng)我參觀(guān)了博物館。

He conducted the orchestra. 他指揮管弦樂(lè )團。

The manager conducted his business carefully.

這個(gè)經(jīng)理謹慎地管理著(zhù)他的業(yè)務(wù)。

④a number of表示“很多的,大量的”,后接可數名詞的復數,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復數形式。而the number of則表示“……的數量”,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數形式。如:

A number of children play games online. 很多孩子在網(wǎng)上玩游戲。

The number of cars is increasing year by year.

驕車(chē)的數量在逐年增長(cháng)。

8.Having realized that I could use a kite to attract lightning,I decided to do an experiment.

意識到我能用風(fēng)箏來(lái)吸引閃電,我決定做一個(gè)實(shí)驗。

having realised是現在分詞的完成式,在句中作狀語(yǔ),表示其動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前,相當于when I had realized that…,再如:

Having answered the letter,she went on to listen to the radio.

回完了信,她開(kāi)始接著(zhù)聽(tīng)收音機。

Having been praised at the meeting,the girl felt very happy.

在會(huì )上受到了表?yè)P,這個(gè)女孩感到非常高興。

9.The string was getting charged. 細線(xiàn)開(kāi)始帶電!

①charge作及物動(dòng)詞,作“使……充滿(mǎn),飽含”。如:

He’s charging a battery. 他正在為蓄電池充電。

②“get+過(guò)去分詞”表示“被(受)……”。get用在表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞之前表被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),它強調該動(dòng)作和其所造成主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)的變化。如:

He got lost in the forest. 他在森林里迷路了。

The audience got confused. 觀(guān)眾被搞糊涂了。

10.I was beginning to think that the experiment would not work.

當時(shí)我開(kāi)始認為這項實(shí)驗行不通。

①work的意思是“起作用;產(chǎn)生影響;行得通;奏效”。例如:

The medicine seems to be working. 藥好像起作用了。

Will your method work? 你的方法行嗎?

②比較begin to do與begin doing:

1)begin后跟to do或doing,含義上沒(méi)有多少差異。如果談?wù)撘粋(gè)長(cháng)期的習慣動(dòng)作開(kāi)始養成時(shí),更加常用begin doing。例如:

How old were you when you first began playing the piano?

2)當begin后面跟的是understand,realize,see,know,think等動(dòng)詞時(shí),用begin to do。例如:

She began to think she was wrong after a second thought.

經(jīng)過(guò)重新考慮后,她開(kāi)始認為她錯了。

3)當begin用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),其后跟to do。如:

Mary is beginning to do her homework.

4)當主語(yǔ)是物或用于描述天氣變化時(shí),其后跟to do如:

The water began to boil. 水開(kāi)始開(kāi)了。

It began to get dark before we knew it. 不知不覺(jué)地天黑下來(lái)了。

11.This experiment proves that lightning and electricity are the same.

這個(gè)實(shí)驗證明閃電與電相同的。

prove作為及物動(dòng)詞,當“證明,證實(shí)”講,如:

The facts prove that he is a brave fighter.(prove + that從句)

事實(shí)證明他是一個(gè)勇敢的戰士。

He has proved his courage in the battle.(prove + n)

在戰斗中已經(jīng)證明了他的勇氣。

He proved himself to be a capable general.(prove+賓語(yǔ)+賓補)

他證明自己是一位有能力的將軍。

prove還可作系動(dòng)詞,后接形容詞或名詞作表語(yǔ),意為“證明是……”。如:

The method proved(to be)effective. 這種辦法證明是有效的。

He proved a successful manager. 他證明是一位成功的經(jīng)理。

12.Add a tail to the frame and tie a long string to the cross so you can control the kite.

給風(fēng)箏框上加上條尾巴并在中心架上系一條細線(xiàn)這樣就能控制風(fēng)箏了。

①add作為及物動(dòng)詞,意為“加,增加”如:

The fire is out,will you please add some wood?

火要滅了,請你添些木柴好嗎?

②add…to…意為“在……放(加)……”如:

If you add some salt to the soup,it will taste better.

如果你在湯里放些鹽,湯的味道會(huì )更好些。

③add to = increase增加,增添。如:

This visit will greatly add to our understanding of our country.

這次訪(fǎng)問(wèn)將大大增加我們對貴國的了解。

④add up to合計,總計。如:

His whole schooling added up to no more than one year.

他所受的學(xué)校教育加起來(lái)不到一年。

⑤tie…to…解釋“把……綁在(系到)……上”。如:

The farmer tied the horse to a tree. 這個(gè)農夫把馬拴在一棵樹(shù)上。

13.Take care that the string does not touch the wall or the door.

注意不要讓長(cháng)線(xiàn)碰到墻壁或門(mén)。

take care常用于以下結構:

①take care of(愛(ài)護;照顧)。例如:

She urged me to take care of myself. 她力勸我保重自己。

She stayed at home to take care of the baby. 她留在家里照顧嬰兒。

②take care that…(小心;注意)。例如:

Take care that you don’t spoil your clothes.

當心不要把衣服弄臟。

二、詞語(yǔ)辨析

1.electric,electrical

這兩個(gè)詞都是“電的”意思。不同的是:electric指“由電產(chǎn)生的”或“帶電的裝置”;而“electrical”指“有關(guān)電學(xué)方面的”。

an electric clock/light/iron/wire

電子鐘/電燈/電熨斗/電線(xiàn)

electrical engineering電工學(xué)

an electrical engineer 電力工程師

2.pull,draw,drag

①pull是個(gè)普通用語(yǔ),意為“用力拉”,指使物體朝著(zhù)發(fā)出力的方向移動(dòng),不強調移動(dòng)的方式。

Mother pulled me by the hand. 媽媽拉著(zhù)我的手。

Pull the door open. Don’t push it. 把門(mén)拉開(kāi),別推。

②draw與pull意思接近,通常指“拖、拉”的動(dòng)作比pull更均勻、平穩,從容

Out of the package he drew a paper and gave it to my father.

他從小包里抽出一份文件遞給我父親。

After some time,he began to draw the net in.

過(guò)了一些時(shí)候,他開(kāi)始收網(wǎng)。

③drag指艱難而緩慢地“拖、拉”較笨重的東西,含“費力和用勁”之意。

He dragged himself along the street.

他拖著(zhù)沉重的腳步沿街走著(zhù)。

3.be made of;be made from;be made into

be made of指成品中可以看出原材料。

be made from指在成品中看不出原材料。

be made into其主語(yǔ)是原料,指某種原料可以制成(某種成品)

4.high,highly

high用作形容詞時(shí),其意思是“高的”,但常引電為“強烈的;高尚的;崇高的”。high還可用作副詞,其意思是“高;顯著(zhù)的;強烈地”。

highly也是副詞,往往指抽象的高。